学习重点
　　1．     Speaking---forms of communication
　　2．     Reading --- Is your English too English
　　3．     Leaving voice mails and Taking messages
　　4．     Vocabulary consolidation
　　5．     Self-study exercises
　　6．     Memo writing
　　7．     Oral Practice
　　8．     Homework
　　I. Speaking.
　　Keeping in touch
　　1.      frequency   n.频率
　　2.      formality  n.正式程度
　　Discussion.
　　l        Which methods of communication do you like best? Letters, phone calls or e-mails?
　　I like sending e-mails. They are quick, inexpensive, easy and efficient. Also, when I write my thoughts on the computer, I can edit and organize them to ensure that I am communicating clearly. However, sometimes it takes a long time to receive the reply, so I have to make a phone call.
　　Points under consideration for their advantages and disadvantages
　　l        price
　　l        speed of communication
　　l        user-friendliness
　　l        Time-consuming
　　II. Reading.
　　Is Your English Too English?
　　Para.1
　　executive  n.执行者, 经理主管人员
　　corporate  adj. 公司的
　　dominance noun [uncountable]
　　the fact of being more powerful, more important, or more noticeable than other people or things优势, 统治
　　动词 dominate
　　political/economic/cultural etc dominance 政治/经济/文化统治
　　the economic and political dominance of Western countries 西方国家在经济和政治上的绝对优势
　　television's dominance over other media 电视在媒体中的统治地位
　　exceed verb [transitive] formal
　　1 to be more than a particular number or amount超越, 胜过
　　Working hours must not exceed 42 hours a week. 工作小时数不能超过42小时。
　　His performance exceeded our expectations. 他的表现超过了我们对他的期待。
　　2 to go beyond what rules or laws say you are allowed to do超过
　　He was fined for exceeding the speed limit. 由于超速，他被罚款。
　　Explanation: communicating internationally
　　Para. 2
　　bilingual adj.能说两种语言的
　　consistent adjective?反义词 inconsistent
　　1 always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval 连续的， 持续的
　　consistent in
　　We need to be consistent in our approach.我们必须在方法上保持连贯。
　　a consistent improvement in the country's economy 该国经济持续改善
　　?consistently adverb consistently high performance
　　overestimate verb [transitive]
　　1 to think something is better, more important etc than it really is过高评价
　　?反义词 underestimate
　　He tends to overestimate his own abilities. 他总是想过高地评价自己的能力。
　　2 to guess an amount or value that is too high 过高地估算
　　Most patients overestimated how long they had had to wait to see a doctor. 许多病人都过高地估计了需要等待看医生看病的时间。
　　estimate noun [countable]
　　1 a calculation of the value, size, amount etc of something 计算
　　a rough estimate (=not an exact calculation) of how much time we'll need 粗略的估算我们需要的时间
　　The figure will only be about two million, less than half the original estimate. 这个数值只有2百万左右，比原先的计算少一半还要多。
　　2 a statement of how much it will probably cost to build or repair something修理、建设估价表
　　The garage said they'd send me an estimate for the work. 汽车修理行说他们会给我寄来一份修车估价表。
　　assume verb [transitive]
　　1 to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof 估计
　　I didn't see your car, so I assumed you'd gone out. 我没有看见你的车，所以我估计你已经走了。
　　it is/seems reasonable to assume (that)
　　I think we can safely assume (=it is almost certain) that interest rates will go up again soon. 我认为我们可以非常放心地预计利率会很快上调。
　　2 assume control/responsibility etc 实施控制/承担责任
　　formal to start to have control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job： [NextPage]

　　Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters. 不管他们谁被任命，他们都会继续承担所有财政上的责任。
　　Jim Paton will assume the role of managing director. …将会担任总经理一职。
　　3 to be based on the idea that something else is correct 假设
　　The theory assumes that both labour and capital are mobile. 这个理论假设劳动力和资金可以移动。
　　Explanation：Assuming too much
　　Para.3
　　adapt verb
　　1 [intransitive and transitive] to gradually change your behaviour and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation使适应；使适合
　　The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. 孩子们觉得适应新学校很困难。
　　adapt yourself/itself etc (to something)
　　How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments? 这些昆虫是怎样适应新环境的？
　　2 [transitive] to change something to make it suitable for a different purpose 调整
　　adapt something to do something
　　The car has been adapted to take unleaded gas. 这辆车被改装成一辆可以加装无铅汽油的车辆。
　　adapt something for somebody
　　These teaching materials can be adapted for older children. 这些教学资料可以改编后让大一些的孩子们使用。
　　3 [transitive usually passive] if a book or play is adapted for film, television etc, it is changed so that it can be made into a film, television programme etc改编
　　be adapted for something
　　Many children buy books after they have been adapted for television.这本书改编成电视剧之后有很多儿童纷纷购买此书。
　　simplify verb  [transitive]
　　to make something easier or less complicated让….更简单
　　an attempt to simplify the tax system 针对简化税收体系而做出的努力
　　The law needs to be simplified. 法律应该更被简化。
　　a simplified version of the game 一个简化版本的游戏
　　over-
　　over-complicate
　　complicate verb [transitive]
　　1 to make a problem or situation more difficult 让问题或情况更困难
　　The situation is complicated by the fact that I've got to work late on Friday. 我周五必须要工作到很晚这一事实让情况更为复杂。
　　chunk noun [countable]
　　1 a large thick piece of something that does not have an even shape短而厚的一块（肉、木头等）
　　ice chunks 冰块
　　a chunk of bread 一块面包
　　2 a large part or amount of something 一大部分
　　The rent takes a large chunk out of my monthly salary. 租金花掉了我月薪中的绝大部分。
　　A huge chunk of the audience got up and left before the end of the show. 绝大多数观众都在演出结束之前起身走了。
　　Explanation：Keeping it simple
　　Para. 4
　　idiomatic  adj.惯用的, 合乎语言习惯的
　　get down to something phrasal verb
　　to start doing something that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy 精心做事
　　It's time we got down to work. 该是我们工作的时间了。
　　get down to doing something
　　I always find it hard to get down to revising. 我总觉得修改起来很困难。
　　understate verb [transitive]
　　to describe something in a way that makes it seem less important or serious than it really is有意轻描淡写，保守地说,
　　?反义词 overstate
　　The press have tended to understate the extent of the problem. 平面媒体想轻描淡写地说明问题的波及面。
　　insist on v.坚持, 坚决要求
　　specific adjective
　　1 [only before noun] a specific thing, person, or group is one particular thing, person, or group 某一具体的事情、人或团体
　　games suitable for specific age-groups 专门适合某年龄组的游戏
　　2 detailed and exact具体的
　　Mr Howarth gave us very specific instructions. …给我们非常具体的指示。
　　specific about
　　Could you be more specific about what you're looking for? 你能把你正在找的东西说得更具体些吗？
　　Explanation: Understanding cultural difference
　　Para. 5
　　majority  n.多数, 大半?反义词 minority
　　great/vast/overwhelming majority of something (=almost all of a group)
　　be in the majority
　　a majority of 500
　　insensitive adjective 不敏感的，不注意的，
　　insensitive to
　　She's totally insensitive to Jack's feelings.她一定也不注意捷克的感觉。
　　Companies that are insensitive to global changes will lose sales. 那些对国际变化不敏感的公司最终会丧失销售业绩。
　　The service is insensitive to the needs of local people. 这项服务对当地人们的需求丝毫也不关注。
　　insensitive to pain对疼痛不敏感
　　rely verb
　　rely on/upon somebody/something phrasal verb 依赖，依靠
　　1 to trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do： [NextPage]

　　? reliable, reliance
　　rely on somebody/something to do something
　　Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children. 许多工作妇女依赖她们的亲戚帮助她们照看自己的小孩。
　　rely on/upon somebody/something for
　　Many people now rely on the Internet for news. 许多人现在借用英特网来浏览新闻。
　　2 to depend on something in order to continue to live or exist 依赖借以生存
　　For its income, the company relies heavily on only a few contracts. 这家公司的收入绝大程度上依赖仅有的几个合同。
　　cross-cultural adjective [only before noun] belonging to or involving two or more different societies, countries, or cultures 跨文化的
　　cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流
　　evaluation noun [uncountable and countable]
　　a judgment about how good, useful, or successful something is 评价，评估
　　?同义词 assessment
　　We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system. 我们需要对这套新体系做出一个正确的评价。
　　They took some samples of products for evaluation. 他们取出一些产品的样本作评估。
　　evaluate verb [transitive] to judge how good, useful, or successful something is
　　?同义词 assess
　　You should be able to evaluate your own work. 你应该能够评价自己的工作。
　　Explanation: Raising awareness
　　III. Leaving voice mails and Taking messages
　　①    Listening.
　　1. B
　　send me a copy of your department’s figures
　　copy noun
　　1[countable] something that is made to be exactly like another thing 复印件
　　She forwarded them a copy of her British passport. 她将自己的英国护照复印件交给了他们。
　　2[countable] one of many books, magazines, records etc that are all exactly the same一份，一张，一本
　　a copy of the local newspaper 一份当地报纸
　　The hardback costs ￡16.99 a copy. 这本精装书一本16.99英镑。
　　The record sold a million copies. 这盘磁带卖了1百万盘。
　　Free copies are available on request. 如果要求就可以得到免费的资料。
　　2. G
　　trade fair noun [countable]
　　a large event when several companies show their goods or services in one place, to try to sell them 博览会
　　?同义词 trade show
　　booth (telephone booth), stand
　　complimentary adjective
　　1 given free to people(免费)赠送的
　　There was a complimentary bottle of champagne in the hotel room. 在饭店房间里有一瓶免费的香槟酒。
　　I've got some complimentary tickets for the theatre tonight. 我得到了今晚剧院的免费票。
　　2 saying that you admire someone or something 赞扬的，夸奖的
　　complimentary remarks 奉承话
　　3.      C
　　deadline
　　l        by
　　l        before
　　l        until
　　stress management, time management, prioritise tasks,
　　put something back phrasal verb
　　to arrange for an event to start at a later time or date 推迟
　　?同义词 postpone
　　put something ? back to
　　The meeting has been put back to next Thursday. 这次会议推迟到下周四举行。
　　work out phrasal verb
　　?GET BETTER?带来好结果；有预期的结果
　　if a problem or complicated situation works out, it gradually gets better or gets solved
　　Things will work out, you'll see. 你会看到一切都会好的。
　　?EXERCISE?
　　to make your body fit and strong by doing exercises锻炼身体
　　4. H
　　mobile phone
　　client
　　urgently
　　proposal
　　get involved
　　to take part in an activity or event, or be connected with it in some way
　　be/get involved in
　　More than 30 software firms were involved in the project. 30多家软件公司参与了这个项目。
　　I don't want to get involved in some lengthy argument about who is to blame. 我不想被牵涉进这场旷日持久的关于到底是谁应该被指责的争论当中。
　　5. E
　　optimistic  (pessimistic)
　　get off 寄出，发出 ?SEND SOMETHING?
　　to send a letter or package by post
　　I'll have to get this letter off by tonight. 我必须要在今晚之前把信寄出去。
　　I'll get the forms off to you today. 我今天会把表格寄给你。
　　Leaving answering machine messages
　　l        Hello, person who is calling, time, day, place, purpose
　　Analysis:
　　Call 1 and 2 are precise and call 4 and 5 are quite difficult. Call 3 is intended to be in-between.
　　Call 3
　　Call 3 is relatively concise. However, it is difficult for the use of socializing added in before Sue gets down to the message (How are you? I hope you’re not too busy…). They may also find her use of phrasal verbs difficult (work out, put back). Sue also uses a rather British way of asking for postponement (I don’t suppose…, could we?). It may be helpful for her to say when exactly she called and to give her number.： [NextPage]

　　Call 4
　　Call 4 is longer and it is therefore difficult to retain the message. One reason is that Colin includes unnecessary information (e.g. I’m traveling to a meeting with a client). The purpose of the call comes rather late and the sentences are very long, with more than one idea in each. It may be more helpful to leave his number at the end rather than near the beginning of the message. Once again, it may be helpful to say exactly when he rang.
　　Call 5
　　Once again, Call 5 is quite long. Steve uses many of the features of British English mentioned in the article: understanding (e.g. a little bit on the optimistic side), get used with different meanings (e.g. which I’ll get off to you today), and a generally idiomatic approach to language. Again, Colin could say when he called and give a telephone or extension number.
　　Taking messages
　　1.      trade fair
　　2.      S126 25
　　3.      3
　　4.      Tuesday 23 / 23 November
　　5.      (Kati) Gersel
　　听力基础知识讲评：
　　Names
　　在我们对姓名做讲解之前，我们先来熟悉一下有关姓名的几组词汇。
　　?        姓名，全名  （full）name
　　?        姓    family name/ surname/last name
　　?        名    given name/ first name
　　6.      the/ your message
　　7.      cancelled
　　8.      not available
　　9.      27 November
　　10.  confirm
　　get back to somebody phrasal verb事后告知某人
　　to talk to someone or telephone them later in order to answer a question or give them information
　　I'll find out the prices and get back to you. 我会找到价格并马上告知你。
　　available adjective
　　1 something that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found 可以用的，可以得到的
　　Tickets are available from the box office. 你可以从票房买到票。
　　No figures are available for the number of goods sold. 没有已销售商品数量的数据。
　　There are plenty of jobs available in the area. 这个地方有很多就业机会。
　　2 [not before noun] someone who is available is not busy and has enough time to talk to you 有时间
　　Collins was not available for comment on Thursday night. 克林斯不能在周四晚上发表评论。
　　?availability noun [uncountable]
　　姓名前的称呼 Title
　　在与人初次见面时，如果在非常正式的场合下是不应该直接称呼对方姓名的，而应该称呼对方为某某先生、某某女士等等。所以这里就需要给大家介绍有关在姓名前如何称呼对方。称呼一般有以下几种：
　　Mr. 这是专门称呼男士的，无论对方是已婚还是未婚。意思是XX先生。
　　Mrs是称呼已婚女士的，意思是XX太太。
　　Miss是称呼那些未婚女士的，意思是XX小姐。有时我们并不方便先去了解一下对方的婚姻状况，所以我们就可以采用Ms这种称呼，意思是XX女士。
　　Dr.是对某人学历上的认可，意思是某某博士。
　　Dates
　　British English英国英语 US English美国英语
　　Spoken表达 the twenty-sixth of OctoberOctober the twenty-sixth twenty-sixth OctoberOctober twenty-sixth
　　Written书写 文字形式：26(th) October           October 26(th)数字形式：26/10/01 文字形式：26(th) October 数字形式：10/26/01
　　从上面可以看出，英国英语表达时间通常是日、月、年的结构，美国英语是先说月份，然后是日期，最后是年份。这点请大家注意。
　　说明：
　　1．在书写日期时，可以将表示序数词标志的st, nd, rd 或者th省略掉。这里也建议大家不要写出来，因为有很多人在书写时会将它们混淆。比如正确的写法是：
　　1号 1st
　　21号 21st
　　31号 31st
　　2号 2nd
　　22号 22nd
　　3号 3rd
　　那么，11号、12号和13号怎么写呢？有很多人自认为已经搞明白了，就自作主张，大笔一挥写成是11st、12nd和13rd了。其实
　　11号 11 th （eleventh）
　　12号 12th   （twelfth）
　　13号 13th  （thirteenth）
　　2．在阅读日期时，如果写成日月的顺序，英国英语的读法是读出定冠词the和介词of来。但是在书写时一定要注意不要写出来。同样道理，如果写成是月日的顺序的话，在口语表达时，要读出定冠词the来，但是书写时就没有了。
　　IV. Vocabulary Consolidation on Unit 1b (page 163)
　　V. Self-study 1b： [NextPage]

　　4.      Prepositions.
　　(1)   at the moment
　　(2)   in +地点
　　(3)   on the phone
　　(4)   at +时间
　　(5)   on +具体日期
　　(6)   at +宗教节日
　　(7)   on +电话号码
　　(8)   in + 月份
　　(9)   at + 时间
　　(10) on + 具体日期
　　小结：
　　介词用法简介Saying when things happened
　　在表示时间时，我们有三个介词可以选择：in，at和on。
　　介词in的用法：
　　介词in 用在年、月份、季节、一天中某个部分以及年代的前面。比如，
　　in 1999       在1999年
　　in August     在八月份
　　in winter      在冬季
　　in the afternoon, in the evening, in the morning 在下午/在晚上/在早上
　　in the 1950s   在50年代
　　in the 21st century 在21世纪
　　介词on的用法：
　　介词on用在星期几、几号等具体的日期前。比如：
　　on Thursday  在星期四
　　on 19 January  在1月19日
　　on Monday morning (请比较：in the morning)
　　on a cold night (请比较：at night)
　　但是当星期几的前面有指示性的词比如：this，next和last来修饰时，就不用介词on。
　　介词at的用法：
　　介词at 用在点钟、宗教节日和一些固定的词组中。比如：
　　at 5.30 p.m.  在下午5.30分
　　at Easter     在复活节
　　at the end of the war 在战争的末期
　　at the beginning of the term  在这学期开始
　　但是当宗教节日中带有day这个词时，前面的介词用on 。
　　at Christmas     on Christmas Day
　　at/on the weekend 在周末
　　VI. Memo Writing
　　参考答案：
　　To: Alice Hu, Secretary
　　From: David Guan, Manager
　　Date: 29 June 2001
　　Subject: Arrangement for my holiday
　　I’m going on my annual holiday next Monday 2nd July for three weeks. Please keep my mail until I return. If something urgent occurs, please report it directly to our Deputy Manager or contact me on 12345678903.
　　mail noun [uncountable]
　　1 the letters and packages that are delivered to you
　　2 especially American English the system of collecting and delivering letters and packages
　　British equivalent: post
　　3 messages that are sent and received on a computer
　　?synonym email
　　VII. Oral Practice
　　Career goals
　　l        What are your career ambitions?
　　参考答案：
　　l        I would like to become a HR manager. Then I can help the company I work for to seek best candidate and make them fulfill their ambitions.
　　l        I intend to be a receptionist to meet people and show the best side of our business.
　　l        I aim to be self-employed.
　　l        My career ambition is to set up my own company which can offer high quality products or services.
　　l        Do you think people should take professional advice when planning their careers?
　　参考答案：
　　Yes. Sometimes people cannot really identify where their strength and weakness lie. Therefore, it’s better to get professional advice to map out career development plans.
　　l        Do you think business people need to be flexible when planning their careers?
　　参考答案：
　　Yes. The business environment changes very rapidly. The chances are that your original career plan may not be reasonable at times and you cannot stick to your targets. Then in this case, people have to be flexible to make better achievements.
　　l        Do you think it is necessary to have long-term goals in your careers?
　　参考答案：
　　Yes. I think long-term goals can ensure that you will always have a long way away from it. It will encourage you to be tenacious and resilient to realize the goals in the end.
　　tenacious adjective
　　determined to do something and unwilling to stop trying even when the situation becomes difficult 固执的，百折不挠的
　　a tenacious negotiator 一位百折不挠的谈判者
　　resilient adjective
　　able to become strong, happy, or successful again after a difficult situation or event
　　Children are often very resilient. 孩子们经常是在遇到困难后仍能保持开心乐观。： [NextPage]

　　Work and holidays
　　u      Would you be influenced by the amount of paid holiday when applying for a job?
　　参考答案：
　　No. I don’t mind the length of paid holiday provided that I can get my teeth into the job and feel challenged.
　　get your teeth into something
　　informal to start to do something with a lot of energy and determination 专注于某事
　　I can't wait to get my teeth into the new course. 我简直是迫不及待地想要开始学习这门新课。
　　u      Do you think companies should be able to contact staff when they are on holiday?
　　参考答案：
　　No. Every employee will arrange his work in advance and another person can take on his responsibility to deal with any emergencies. On the other hand, a telephone may disrupt the whole holiday.
　　u      Should staff be allowed to take holidays whenever they like?
　　参考答案：
　　No. If an employee can take holidays whenever they like, then the business will be in trouble and the other staff may feel unfair of always taking on extra responsibility.
　　u      Do you think that people work more effectively after they have had a holiday?
　　参考答案：
　　Yes. After holidays, people can feel refreshed and can put more energy into their work.
　　1. Oral practice.
　　When you eat out, what are the criteria to choose a suitable restaurant for you?
　　Location?
　　Atmosphere?
　　Cleanliness?
　　Speed of service? ……
　　2.
　　l        You are a Project Team Leader. You have had to cancel your next project meeting because some of the member of your team will be abroad.
　　l        Write a memo of 40-50 words to your project team:
　　Informing them of the cancellation and giving the reason
　　Stating a new date and time for the meeting
　　Requesting suggestions for the agenda.