2015年GCT工程硕士英语考试词汇语法指导（58）
发布时间：2009/11/24 14:59:05 来源：城市学习网 编辑：紫藤
状语从句
在复合句中，起状语作用的从句称作状语从句。根据语义，状语从句分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语将其与主句隔开。
1）时间状语从句。 例如：
When you cross a main road, you must be very careful.
Until we learn the facts, we can’t do anything about it.
a. when, as, while 引导时间状语从句时都可以表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，即同时性。它们的区别在于：when和as引导的状语从句中的动作中以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，即瞬时性；while 引导的状语从句中的动作只能是延续的动作或状态。当主句和从句中的动作均为延续性动作时，一般用while，而不用when或as。当表示两个同时发展、变化的情况下，一般用as, 作“随着……”解。例如：
When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.
As she got older, she got wiser.
While Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.
b. 有些副词和一些表示时间的名词词组也可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。如instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the moment等。例如：
Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what had happened.
The day he returned home, his grandpa was already dead.
2) 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, as (so), only if (只要)。例如：
If you don’t come on time, we’ll start out without you.
As (so) long as you keep on trying, you’ll certainly succeed.
除了以上提到的从属连词外，还有其它的一些词或词组也可引导条件状语从句。例如：providing that, provided, supposing that, suppose that, on condition that, in case等。例如：
Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups, he will be able to win
the election. 如果他赢得了多数团体的支持，他就能够取得胜利。
3）原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, since, as, now(that), in that, considering that等。例如：
Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting.
in that和now (that) 的用法：in that引导的从句对主句进行解释的说明，意思是：在……方面，在于……；因为。Now (that) 表示既然。例如：
Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.
理论所以有价值，就在于它能给实践指出方向。
Now (that) the weather has improved, let’s go out for a picnic.
既然天气已转好，我们就出去野餐吧。
4）让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：though, although, even if (even though), as, no matter…despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, while。 例如：
Tom always enjoys swimming, even though the weather is rough.
Despite the fact that there exist national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.
一些疑问词在词尾加上ever后，也可引导让步状语从句相当于no matter＋疑问词。这些词包括：whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however。例如：
Whatever he says, don’t believe him.
Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic regulations.
5）目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that。例如：
They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a bird’s-eye view of the city.
Ask her to hurry up with these letters so that I can sign them.
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
so that和in order that的区别：so that更常用，in order that更正式。so that 引导的从句一般置于句末，而in order that引导的从句既置于句首，又可置于句末。例如：
In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.
She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.
6）结果状语从句
结果状语从句一般由下列连词引导：so that, so…that, such…that。例如：
He overslept, (so) that he was late for work.
They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.
a. so…that和such…that的区别。so后接形容词或副词，such后接名词。例如：
It was so cold tat we had to cancel the game.
It’s such a good chance that we mustn’t miss it.
b. so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，一般从句动词前会出现can (could), may (might), shall (should), 而so that引导的结果状语从句表示客观事实，不会出现上述词语。引导结果状语从句的so that前常有逗号，表示强调。so that 引导的目的状语可置于句首，而so that引导的结果状语从句只能置于句末。例如：
He left early so that he could catch the train.
他早早动身，以便能赶上车。（目的）
He left early, so that he caught the train.
他早早动身，赶上了火车。（结果）
7) 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if (though), the way, how。例如：
He made some changes as you had suggested.
She was behaving as if (though) she hadn’t grown up.
