MBA共享笔记之英语语法概述（六）
发布时间：2010/3/11 9:49:36 来源：城市学习网 编辑：ziteng
I’ll never forget the mountain village where (in which) I spent my childhood.
I don’t know the reason why (for which) he did that.
[提示]
1. 当先行词是all, something, nothing等不定代词时;或先行词前有first,last, only, few, much, some, any, no等修饰时;或先行词前有形容词最高级修时, 一般只用that而不用which来引导定语从句。
I’ve explained everything (that) I can to you.
This is the most beautiful compus (that) I’ve ever been to.
2. 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句与主句关系紧密, 为句中不可缺少的部分, 如去掉, 主句意思不完整。非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散, 如去掉, 主句内容仍完整。在书面语中, 非限定性定语从句一般被逗句隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。
His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.
The general’s daughter, whose name is Ann, gave me a sweet smile.
3. 先行词也可以是整个句子。这时, 一般用which或as来引导定语从句。 which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等, as在从句中一般只充当主语。which与as引导此类定语从句的区别在于: which只能置于句中或句末, 而as的位置比较灵活, 可置于句中、句末, 又可置于句首。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which (as) is known to all.
He was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor.
As had been expected, he finished first in decathlon(十项全能) at that Olympic Games.
4. 关系代词在定语从句中有时也做介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前, 一般只用介词+which或介词+whom, 而不用介词+that来此导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末, 则可用that代替which或whom,且that这时可省去。
This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.
One of my colleagues whom (that) you are familiar with will come today.
三、状语从句
在复合句中, 起状语作用的从句称作状语从句。
根据语义, 状语从句分为:
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状误从句、原因状语从句、
让步状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、
方式状语从句。
状语从句可放在句首或句末。如状语从句位于主语前,一般用逗号将其与主句隔开。
(一)时间状语从句
When you cross a main road, you must be very careful.
Until we learn the facts, we can’t do anything about it.
[提示]
1. when, as, while引导时间状语从句时都可以表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生, 即同时性。它们的区别在于:
when和as引导的状语从句中的动作既可以是延续性的, 也可以是非延续性的, 即瞬时性的;
while引导的状语从句中的动作只能是延续的动作或状态。
当主句和从句中的动作均为延续动作时, 一般用while, 而不用when或as。当表示两个同时发展、变化的情况时, 一般用as, 作“随着…”解。
When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.
As she got older, she got wiser.
While Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.
2. 有些副词和一些表示时间的名词词组也可用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句。如instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the moment等。
Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what had happened.
The day he returned home, his grandpa was alrady dead.
(二)条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:
if, unless, as (so) long as, only if(只要)。
If you don’t come on time, we’ll start out without you.
As (so) long as you keep on trying, you’ll certainly succeed.
[提示]
除了以上提到的从属连词外, 还有其它的一些词或词组也可引导条件状语从句。
如: providing that, provided, supposing that, suppose that, on condition that, in case等。
Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups,he will be able to win the electrion.
I will go providing that my expenses are paid.要是我的费用有人代付我就去
Supposing he is not at home, what then?假如他不在家,那怎么办?
