货代英语预习:国际贸易术语解释通则(2)
EXW: 工厂交货
CFR:成本加运费
CIF:成本,保险费加运费
CPT:运费付至
CIP:运费、保险费付至
FOB:装运港船上交货
FAS:装运港船边交货
FCA:货交承运人
DAF:边境交货
DES:目的港船上交货
DEQ:目的港码头交货
DDU:未完税交货
DDP:完税交货
中文意思:通则最新的版本是“国际贸易术语解释通则2000”,它包含了13个不同的国际贸易术语:EXW, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, FOB, FAS, FCA, DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU 和DDP
英文原文:Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations. They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.
(第一句话,我们可以这么来理解) Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即贸易商必须承担(bear)各自相关的责任和义务。(They = 13 trade terms )
注释:specify: 具体说明,详细说明,规定(名词:specification: 说明书)whether...or...: 是...还是... be responsible for: 负责...,承担...责任necessity: 必须,需要(在这里是指“必须要做的事”)export license: 出口许可证inspection: 检验 (商品检验:commodity inspection)obligation: 职责,义务 point: 在这里是一个抽象的概念,指“在空间或者时间真实的或想象当中的某一点”例如:at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻,在此地) risk: 风险activity: 活动,行为(复数形式尤指“所作的事务,待做的工作”)
conduct: 管理,经营,处理(=manage, control) purchase:购买( = buy) mutual: 相互的,彼此的 (have a mutual understanding: 对于...达到共识)therefore: 因此,为此
中文意思:每一个术语都明确规定由谁来办理出口许可证、出口清关、商品检验及其他义务。同时,还明确了丢失及/或损坏的风险在哪一点由卖方转移到买方,以及哪方需承担的相应的费用。这样,卖方和买方如果采用2000年国际贸易术语解释通则中的一个术语做贸易的话,就会清楚双方各自的权利、需支付的费用以及各自的义务。
英文原文:Here six major trade terms are discussed. The traditional three trade terms are FOB, CFR, and CIF, while FCA, CPT, and CIP are new terms developed on the basis of the traditional ones. They are suitable for any mode of transport.
注释:discuss: 谈到,讨论 traditional: 传统的 on the basis of: 以…为基础
中文意思:这里主要谈到6个贸易术语。其中三个传统的贸易术语:FOB, CFR和CIF,以及在这三个传统的贸易术语基础上发展起来的新的三个贸易术语FCA, CPT和CIP,新的三个贸易术语适合任何运输方式。
应注意:传统的三个贸易术语FOB, CFR, CIF不适合多式联运,只合适于水上运输,而新的三个贸易术语FCA, CPT, CIP适合任何运输方式,包括多式联运。(考点)
历年考题:
1)Which of the following trade terms may be used for any mode of transport, including multimodal transport. (2004年单选题)
A. FOB B. CIP C. CIF D. CFR
答案:B
分析:FOB, CIF 和 CFR 都不能适用于国际多式联运。
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