Passage 5
　　Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors（流星）but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
　　Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem”. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage—a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed（畸形）children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.
　　1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that ______.
　　A. it protects him against the harmful rays from space
　　B. it provides sufficient light for plant growth
　　C. it supplies the heat necessary for human survival
　　D. it screens off the falling meteors
　　2. We know from the passage that ______.
　　A. exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal
　　B. the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming
　　C. radiation is avoidable in space exploration
　　D. astronauts in spacesuits needn’t worry about radiation damage
　　3. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members ______.
　　A. is insignificant     B. seems overestimated
　　C. is enormous      D. remains unknown
　　4. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
　　A. the Apollo mission was very successful
　　B. protection from space radiation is no easy job
　　C. astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren
　　D. radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers
　　5. The best title for this passage would be ______.
　　A. The Atmosphere and Our Environment
　　B. Research on Radiation
　　C. Effects of Space Radiation
　　D. Importance of Protection Against Radiation： [NextPage]

　　Unit Two
　　Passage 1
　　Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person’s gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up (打量) and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction. You need to emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contact, what sociologist Erving Goffman (1963) calls "a dimming of the lights." You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passenger's eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.
　　If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals, "I know you ", "I am interested in you," or "You look peculiar and I am curious about you." This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.
　　1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______.
　　A. every glance has its significance
　　B. staring at a person is an expression of interest
　　C. a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable
　　D. a glance conveys more meaning than words
　　2. If you want to be left a1one on an elevator, the best thing to do is______.
　　A. to look into another passenger's eyes
　　B. to avoid eye contact with other passengers
　　C. to signal you are not a threat to anyone
　　D. to keep a distance from other passengers
　　3. By "a dimming of the lights" (Para. 1, Line l0) Erving Goffman means "______".
　　A. closing one's eyes                    B. turning off the lights
　　C. ceasing to glance at others              D. reducing gaze--time to the minimum
　　4. If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends to feel______.
　　A. depressed           B. uneasy        C. curious         D. amused
　　5. The passage main1y discusses _______.
　　A. the limitations of eye contact
　　B. the exchange of ideas through eye contact
　　C. proper behavior in situations
　　D. the role of eye contact in interpersonal communication