2015年考研英语冲刺阅读理解训练习题(91)-考研-考研硕士-珠峰网 www.my8848.com

2015年考研英语冲刺阅读理解训练习题(91)

发布时间：2011/10/21 21:07:10 来源：城市学习网编辑：admin

　　【英译汉】

　　A less noticed aspect of the greying of Japan is the coming sharp decline in the population of the youngest workers．At present，some l6m Japanese are in their 20s，many of them children of baby- boomer parents．But the number in this age bracket will shrink by about 3 m over the next decade．(1)The consequence of all this is，first，that fewer workers will support an ever growing number of non- workers，other things being equal；and，second，that the demographic shape of the workforce is assuming that of an inverted pyramid，with fewer young workers at the base where once there were many．(2)These factors combined lead some commentators to speak of dire consequences：of a national malaise led by a decline in living and even educational standards(soon，for instance，you will be able to gain a place at university simply by sitting the exam)，accompanied by a government bankrupted by retirement obligations．

　　Yet this is all far from inevitable．(3)Atsushi Seike，a labour economist at Keio University，argues that，since the great bulk of older workers are company employees，the solution lies in fixing the corporate employment and retirement systems to allow people more easily to work for longer．Those systems were designed for the age of the pyramid．When lots of young people were coming into the workforce，mandatory retirement was adopted by companies who wanted to make room for them．(4)The policy was also useful for getting rid of surplus workers that employment—protection laws other- wise stopped from being laid off．As a result，nine-tenths of companies with more than 30 employees today set a mandatory retirement age，usually 60，the legal minimum．

　　The government and some companies are starting to respond to the Dew circumstances．Already。 eligibility for the fixed part of the state’s two-tier pension benefit has been raised t0 62；it will be 65 by 2013．Eligibility for the bigger，earnings related part still stands at 60 till 2013，but rises t0 65 by 2025．

　　(5)To bring corporate practices into line，a law passed in 2004 takes effect in April requiring companie to raise the minimum mandatory retirement age t0 65 by 2013or，if that is not feasible，to provid employment until they are eligible for the fixed part of the state pension．[379 words]

　　超纲词汇

　　bring into line使符合原则，使规范

　　corporate adj．社团的；市政府的；公司的

　　Eligibility n．合格，具备资格，当选资格，格性

　　Malaise n．不适，欠爽，小病

　　Mandatory adj．命令的，强制的，必须,循的

　　Tier n．列，行，排，层，等级

　　Dire adj．可怕的，恐怖的 [NextPage]

　　【参考译文】

　　(1)所有这一切带来的后果，首先是，若其他因素不变，不工作的人数日益增多，而养活他们的、工作的人数却在少；其次，劳动力的人口统计学曲线形状呈现为倒金字塔形，位于底部的年轻劳动力减少了，而在过去曾常多。

　　(2)这些综合因素导致某些评论家提到可怕的后果：生活水平下降，甚至教育水平下降(比如，过不了多久，你只去考试就能上大学)所带来的全国性问题，以及被退休金负担所拖垮的政府。

　　(3)日本庆应义塾大学的人力资源经济学家敦士千晶说，既然绝大多数年长职工都是公司雇员，解决途径就在于定公司聘用和退休制度，使人能更轻松地多工作些年。

　　(4)这种强制退休政策也用来甩掉那些就业保护法律禁止解雇的多余工作人员。

　　(5)为了规范各公司实行的管理制度，2004年通过的一项法律从4月起生效。该法律要求各公司到2013年把法最低退休年龄提高到65岁，如果办不到，则需保证工作人员就业到有资格领取国家发放的固定养老金为止。

　　【句结构解析】

　　(1)The consequence of all this is，first，”[that fewer workers will support an ever growing number of non-work ers，other things being equal]；and，second，[that the demographic shape of the workforce is assuming that C an inverted pyramid，with fewar young workers at the base(where once there were many)]．

　　(2)These factors combined lead some commentators to speak of dire consequences：of a national malaise[1ed by decline in living and even educational standards(soon，for instance，you will be able to gain a place at universit simply by sitting the exam)]，[accompanied by a government(bankrupted by retirement obligations)]．

　　(3)Atsushi Seike，a labour economist at Keio University，argues[that，(since the great bulk of older workers ar company employees)，the solution lies in fixing the corporate employment and retirement systems tO allow peo ple more easily tO work for longer]．

　　(4)The policy was also useful for getting rid of surplus workers[that employmentprotection laws otherwise stopped from being laid off]．

　　(5)To bring corporate practices into line，a law[passed in 2004]takes effect in April[requiring companies”t raise the minimum mandatory retirement age to 65 by 2013 or，if that is not feasible，to provide employmen (until they are eligible for the fixed part of the state pension)]．

　　全文翻译

　　日本人口老龄化问题中经常不被关注的方面就是年轻工人数量的急剧减少。目前，约有l600万日本人处于20多岁这个年龄段，这些年轻人的父母都是在儿童高生育年代出生的。但是这个年龄段的人口在未来10年闯将可能减少300万。(1)所有这一切带来的后果，首先是，若其他因素不变，不工作的人数日益增多，而养活他们的、工作的人数却在减少；其次，劳动力的人口统计学曲线形状呈现为倒金字塔形，位于底部的年轻劳动力减少了，而在过去曾非常多。(2)这些综合因素导致某些评论家提到可怕的后果；生活水平下降，甚至教育水平下降(比如，过不了多久，你只要去考试就能上大学)所带来的全国性问题，以及被退休金负担所拖垮的政府。

　　但是这并非是无法避免的。(3)日本庆应义塾大学的人力资源经济学家敦士千晶说，既然绝大多数年长职工都是公司雇员，解决途径就在于稳定公司聘用和退休制度，使人能更轻松地多工作些年。这些制度就是针对人口年龄金字塔制定的。当有更多的年轻劳动力准备投入市场时，那些想要雇用他们的公司就会采取强制退休的政策。(4)这种强制退休政策也用来甩掉那些就业保护法律禁止解雇的多余工作人员。这样做的结果是有十分之九的雇员在30人以上的公司将60岁这个法定最小退休年龄设置为强制退休年龄。

　　政府和一些企业也开始对新的形势做出反应。目前，能获取政府两级养老金的固定部分的年龄已经提升到62岁；到2013年还将进一步提升到65岁。享受更多的与收人相关部分的养老金的年龄在2013年之前仍为60岁，但在2025年将提升到65岁。(5)为了规范各公司实行的管理制度，2004年通过的一项法律从4月起生效。该法律要求各公司到2013年把法定最低退休年龄提高到65岁，如果办不到，则需保证工作人员就业到有资格领取国家发放的固定养老金为止