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2015年考研英语冲刺阅读理解训练习题(147)
发布时间:2011/10/27 17:24:42 来源:城市学习网 编辑:admin
  A massive push is now underway to ensure that many people with a supposed poor“quality of life”not only people with disabilities that are congenital,but also with disabilities caused by illness or injury— are“allowed”to die against their will.①
  This campaign for involuntary euthanasia demonstrates that proqifers were correct when we saidthat euthanasia proponents would never stop at“voluntary”euthanasia.
  For many years euthanasia advocates,for public consumption at least,have marched under the banner of“autonomy”and“respect for family decisions”.They pushed for living will laws,and later for durable power of attorney laws,that would enable people to say they didn’t want life—saving treatment or to authorize others to refuse it if the authors should become incompetent.o Any opposition to these measures was dismissed as an effort t0“impose morality”on the free choice of patients to decide for themselves.
  At the same time,euthanasia advocates masked their true intentions by appealing to the sanctity of the family.If a patient had left no word about whether she wanted her life preserved,they argued,the decision should be made exclusively by her nearest and dearest--her family.They inveighed against any governmental“interference”through the courts or even those agencies established to protect the rights of vulnerable people.
  Now.havin9“succeeded”in achieving widespread legalization and acceptance of both of these positions,euthanasia proponents are dramatically changing their rhetoric.
  As the pro-life movement has warned all alon9,the true motive of many leaders of the euthanasia movement is to eliminate those with a poor“quality of life.”Individual rights,autonomy,and deference to families were all convenient slogans with which they successfully assaulted what twenty-five years ago was the prevailing ethic of respect for all life.④
  Today,however,the culture has changed,so that the quality of life ethic arguably has become predominant.And in this context,euthanasia advocates are now discarding the principles of individual and family autonomy they once so extolled.For them,there is no room for respect for the autonomy of those who want to live.
  We used to hear denounciations of the“paternalism"of doctors wh0,citing the Hippocratic Oath, expressed reluctance to starve their patients at their family’s request.Now,some of those who used to be most vociferous in attacking physician paternalism argue that patients and families have no right to obtain lifesaving treatment whenever doctors believe the life it will preserve lacks adequate“quality”. We in the pro-life movement must now educate ourselves to take part in a great debate about whether people who want to live should be allowed to live.[440 words]
  1.“A massive push”in the beginning of the text refers t0______.
  A.what euthanasia proponents advocate
  B.the campaign for involuntary euthanasia
  C.the push for living will laws and attorney laws
  D.the banner of“autonomy”and respect for family decisions
  2.It is implied in the text that pro-lifers______.
  A.argue for voluntary euthanasia
  B.argue for involuntary euthanasia
  C.argue against voluntary euthanasia
  D.argue against involuntary euthanasia
  3.The excuse frequently offered by euthanasia advocates is that______.
  A.patients tend to reject life-saving treatment
  B.patients may appeal to laws to protect themselves
  C.patients should have free choice to decide for themselves
  D.patients may authorize others to refuse life-saving treatment
  4.In the eyes of pro-lifers,euthanasia movement______.
  A.highly regards individual rights,and autonomy
  B.shows great concern for the quality of life of patients
  C.showed great respect for alllife twenty-five years ago
  D.intends to get rid of people with a poor“quality of life”
  5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?
  A.What’s wrong with involuntary euthanasia.
  B.What Success euthanasia movement has achieved.
  C.Whether people who want to live should be allowed to die.
  D.Conflict between pro-life movement and euthanasia movement [NextPage]

  参考答案:1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A

  难句透析

  ①A massive push is now underway to ensure[that many people with a supposed poor“quality of life”一not only people with disabilities(that are congenital),but also with disabilities(caused by illness or i-iury)~are“allowed’’ to die against their will].

  【结构】方括号所标示的“that many people…their will”是动词不定式“to ensure”的宾语从句。破折号之间的部

  分是对其前面的“many people”的补充说明。圆括号所标示的“that are congenital”是“disabilities”的后置定语从句。.圆括号所标示的过去分词短语“caused by illness or injury”是“disabilities”的后置定语。句中的“will”是名词,意思是“意志”。

  【释义】为了保证众多被臆断“生命质量”低下的人——不仅包括天生的残疾人,还包括由于疾病或受伤而致残的人——在违反他们意愿的情况得到死亡“允许”,现在人们发起了一场大规模的运动。

  ②They pushed”for living will laws,and later for durable power of attorney laws,[that would enable people“’tO say(thev didn’t want life-saving treatment)orto authorize others tO refuse it(if the'authors should become in— competent)].

  【结构】 由逗号和“and”连接的两个并列的介词短语“for living will laws”和“for durable power of attorney laws”用做主句的状语。方括号所标示的“that would enable…incompetent”是其前面两个“laws”共同的后置定语从句。由“0r”连接的两个并列的动词不定式短语是“enable people”的宾语补足语。圆括号所标示的“they didn’t…

  treatment”是“to say”的宾语从句。圆括号所标示的“if the authors…incompetent”是“tO authorize…”的条件状语从句。

  【释义】他们曾推动生前遗嘱法律的制订,后来又推动制订具有持久效力的律师法。这些法律将允许病人表示拒绝接受维持生命的治疗,或者,在本人无法表达时,可以授权让别人代表自己表示拒绝接受维持生命的治疗。

  ③Elf a patient had left no word about(whether she wanted her life preserved)],they argued,the decision should be made exclusively by her nearest and dearest~her family.

  【结构】方括号所标示的“If a patient…preserved”是条件状语从句。圆括号所标示的“whether she…pre served”是介词“about”的宾语从句。“they argued”是插入语。

  【释义】他们认为,如果病人本人没有说过自己是否想要维持生命,那么,只能由与病人最亲近的人,也就是由病人的亲属来做决定。

  ④Individual rights,autonomy,and deference to families were all convenient slogans[with which they successfully assaulted(what twenty—five years ago was the prevailing ethic of respect for all life)].

  【结构】 主句的主语是三个并列的名词词组“Individual rights,autonomy,and deference…”,谓语动词是“were”。方括号所标示的“with which they…life”是“slogans”的后置定语从句。圆括号所标示的“what…was the prevailing ethic…”是“assaulted”的宾语从句。

  【释义】个人权利、自主决定权以及对家庭的保护都成了唾手可得的口号,他们利用这些口号成功地对25年前占主导地位的尊重生命的伦理观念发动了攻击。

  ⑤NOW,some of those[who used to be most vociferous in attacking physician paternalism]argue[that patients and familleS have no right to obtain lifesaving treatment{whenever doctors believe(the life<it will preserve)lacks ade— quate“quality”))].

  【结构】方括号所标示的“who used t0…paternalism”是“those”的后置定语从句。方括号所标示的“that pa— tients and families…adequate‘quality”是“argue”的宾语从句。“{…}”所标示的“whenever doctors…adequate‘quality”’是状语从句。圆括号所标示的“the life…adequate‘quality”’是“believe”的宾语从句。尖括号所标示的“it will preserve”是“life”的后置定语从句。

  【释义】有些人过去曾大声疾呼谴责医生的家长作风。如今,他们认为,当医生认为维持生命的治疗所维持的生命“质量”不高时,病人和家庭就没有权利获得这种治疗了。

  全文翻译

  为了保证众多被臆断“生命质量”低下的人——不仅包括天生的残疾人,还包括由于疾病或受伤而致残的人——在违反他们意愿的情况得到死亡“允许”,现在人们发起了一场大规模的运动。①

  这场强制实行安乐死的计划表明,如果我们知道安乐死的支持者永远不会停止支持“自愿的”安乐死,那么支持生命人士的做法是正确的。

  多年以来,安乐死的倡导者至少在公众场合一直高举“自主决定”和“尊重家庭决定”的大旗游行示威。他们曾推动生前遗嘱法律的制订,后来又推动制订具有持久效力的律师法。这些法律将允许病人表示拒绝接受维持生命的治疗,或者,在本人无法表达时,可以授权让别人代表自己表示拒绝接受维持生命的治疗。任何反对这些措施的做法都会遭到拒绝,因为这样会将道德强加在病人自主决定生死的自由选择权上。

  同时,安乐死的支持者利用家庭的神圣性掩盖了他们的真实意图。他们认为,如果病人本人没有说过自己是否想要维持生命,那么,只能由与病人最亲近的人,也就是由病人的亲属来做决定。他们反对任何政府部门通过法庭或者为保护垂危病人而设立的机构进行“干涉”。

  如今,在成功获得广泛立法保证以及这两项要求被接受以后,安乐死的支持者的言辞发生了巨大的变化。

  正如生命支持运动一直所警告的那样,安乐死运动众多领袖的真正目的是为了剔除那些“生命质量”低下的病人。个人权利、自主决定权以及对家庭的保护都成了唾手可得的口号,他们利用这些口号成功地对25年前占主导地位的尊重生命的伦理观念发动了攻击。④

  然而,如今文化发生了变化,所以倡导生命质量的伦理占了主导地位,即使备受争议。在这种环境下,安乐死的支持者现在抛弃了他们一度颂赞的个人及家庭自主决定的原则。对于他们而言,尊重那些想活下去的人的自主权?门儿都没有!

  我们过去经常听到对“家长式作风”医生的控诉。因为医生根据《新开业医生所立之誓约》的规定,婉言拒绝了病人家属饿死病人的要求。有些人过去曾大声疾呼谴责医生的家长作风。如今,他们认为,当医生认为维持生命的治疗所维持的生命“质量”不高时,病人和家庭就没有权利获得这种治疗了。

  我们现在参加生命支持运动,必须让我们自己积极参与到“想活的人是否应该有权利活下去”的大辩论中来。

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