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2015年职称英语语法复习:副词与介词
发布时间:2011/11/5 7:08:24 来源:城市学习网 编辑:admin
  副词
  一、副词的分类(共7类)
  1.时间副词:now, today,ago, recently, always, often, already, usually, sometimes,finally.
  2.地点副词:here, there, everywhere, above, below, down, up, out, home, in.
  3.方式副词(大部分是由形容词加词尾ly构成):badly, bravely, carefully, carelessly, slowly, happily.
  4.程度副词:much, little, very, rather, almost, partly.
  5.疑问副词(是用来引起一个特殊问句的),常用的有:when, where, how, why, 例如:
  Where do I get off to change to Bus 14?
  换十四路公共汽车在哪儿下?
  6.连接副词(是用来引起一个主语、宾语或表语从句的),常用的有:when,where,how,why,例如:
  This is where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。
  7.关系副词(是用来引起一个定语从句的),常用的有:when,where,why,例如:
  That is the reason why I am not in favour of revising the plan.
  这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因。
  二、副词的比较级和最高级
  1.只有少数单音节的副词是以加-er和-est来构成比较级和最高级的,如:hard, harder, hardest; slow, slower, slowest; fast, faster, fastest; early, earlier, earliest.
  2.大多数都是以加more贺most的方法来构成,如:
  often, more often, most often;
  carefully, more carefully, most carefully;
  successfully, more successfully, most successfully.
  3.下面几个副词有不规则的比较级和最高级的形式:

原级

比较级

最高级

well
badly
much
little
far
better
worse
more
less
farther(further)
Best
worst
most
least
farthest(furthest)

  介词
  一、介词的分类(3类)
  1.简单介词:at, by, in, of, on, after, from, for, about
  2.合成介词:into, inside, without, upon, out of, because of
  3.成语介词:by means of, with the help of, in front of
  二、介词短语在剧中的作用(介词不能在句中独立使用,只能构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分)
  1.状语:
  Thank you for reminding me of it.
  谢谢你提醒我。
  He is a responsible man in spite of his shortcomings.
  他尽管有缺点,却是一个负责的人。
  2.定语:
  What is the advantage of doing all this?
  做着一切有什么好处呢?
  Most of the products on display are new ones.
  展出的产品大多都是新产品。
  3.表语:
  These people are only after fame and position.
  这些人只是追名求位。
  They are out of touch with reality and masses.
  他们脱离实际和脱离群众。

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