2015年货运代理专业英语：讲义第三章(2)-国际货运代理-外贸-珠峰网 www.my8848.com

2015年货运代理专业英语：讲义第三章(2)

发布时间：2011/12/16 18:43:27 来源：城市学习网编辑：admin

　　二、六个主要的贸易术语(其中传统的贸易术语有三个：FOB,CFR,CIF;在传统基础上新发展的贸易术语有三个：FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考试重点)

　　2-1 传统的三个贸易术语

　　FOB – Free On Board (...named port of shipment) 船上交货(指定装运港)

　　定义：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named part of shipment. 　指当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷,卖方即完成交货。

　　注释：pass: 越过，通过;　ship’s rail: 船舷;　named:　指定的

　　这个术语应注意以下几点：

　　1. The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即买方在货物越过船舷之后承担所有的费用，风险和损失。

　　2. FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即FOB条款要求由卖方办理货物的出口清关手续。

　　3. FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.即FOB条款只适用于海运或者是内河运输。

　　注释：inland waterway transport: 内河运输

　　CFR - Cost and Freight (... named port of destination) 成本加运费(指定目的港)

　　定义：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.指当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷，卖方即完成交货。

　　这个术语应注意以下几点：

　　1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即卖方必须支付货物运至目的港所需要的运费和费用。(与FOB的区别)

　　2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.　但是交货后货物灭失或损坏的风险，以及由于各种条件造成的任何额外费用，即由卖方转移到买方。(风险的划分与FOB不一样的。是在目的港船舷。)

　　注释：occur:(事件等)发生;events: 事件 transfer: 转移

　　3. CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由卖方负责办理货物的出口清关手续。(同FOB)

　　4. CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.即CFR只适用于海运和内陆水路运输(同FOB)

　　CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (...named port of destination) 成本，保险费加运费(指定目的港)

　　定义:means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.即当货物在装运港越过船舷之后，卖方即完成交货义务。 [NextPage]

　　这个术语我们应该注意以下几点：

　　1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即卖方必须支付货物运至目的港所需要的运费和费用。(同CFR)

　　3. However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是，在CIF条件下，卖方还需要办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的海运保险。因此，由卖方签订保险合同并且支付保险费用(不同于FOB和CFR,)

　　注释：procure: (尤指用心或者费力)获得，取得，在这里我们引申为“办理”;　against:　反对，对于 carriage: 运费，运输(在这里指的是“运输”);consequently: 因此，所以;　contract:在这里是动词的用法，意为：签约，订立合同(常与with 和for连用); insurance premium: 保险费

　　4. CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由卖方负责办理货物的出口清关手续。(同FOB和CFR)

　　2-2 在传统贸易术语基础上发展的三个贸易术语

　　FCA-Free Carrier (...named place) 货交承运人(指定地点)

　　定义：means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.是指卖方只要将货物在指定的地点交给由买方制定的承运人，并办理出口清关手续，即完成交货。

　　注释：nominated:　指定的，指派的

　　这一术语应注意以下几点：

　　1. Seller should clear the goods for export.卖方负责办理出口清关手续。

　　2. The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.交货地点的选择对于在该地点装货和卸货的义务会产生影响。

　　- If delivery occurs at the seller’s premises, the seller is responsible for loading.如卖方在其所在地交货，则由卖方负责装货。

　　- If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.如卖方在任何其他地点交货，则卖方不负责卸货。

　　注释：impact: 常与on联用，对...施加影响;premise: 生产场所，经营场址(在这里引申为“所在地”之意)

　　3.FCA term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

　　FCA术语可用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运。

　　注释：irrespective: 常与of联用，意为：不论...的，任何的;multimodal transport:多式联运(multi-前缀,常表示“多种的”的意思)

　　4.If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.若买方制定承运人以外的人领取货物，则当卖方将货物交给此人时，即视为已履行交货义务，(风险转移给买方)

　　注释：other than: 除了，不同于; be deemed to: 被视为; fulfill: 履行，完成。