二、Different Types of shipping services 不同类型的海上运输服务 (考试重点)
2-1 课文：The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.
注释：namely: 即，就是，换句话说(=that is) conference lines: 班轮公会运输 non-conference lines: 非班轮公会运输 non-vessel operation common carriers: 无营运船公共承运人 tramp service: 不定期船运输 (tramp: 在这里是指的“不定期航行”)
课文意思：国际海上运输市场提供了四种类型的服务，即班轮公会运输，非班轮公会运输，无营运船公共承运人和不定期船运输
2-2 Conference Lines 班轮公会运输
2-2.1课文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班轮公会的定义，了解一下)
注释：shipping conference:班轮公会 group: 团体，集团 shipping lines: 班轮运输 operating: 运行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照协议的，在这里引申为“预定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:费率表，运费表(我们最常用的词义是“关税”) fixed:固定的 itinerary:路线，旅行计划 ports of call: 挂靠港，停靠港
课文意思：班轮公会是按预定的船期表在特定的航线上从事营运的班轮公司的组织，具有共同的费率表、固定的挂靠港。
2-2.2课文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注释：purpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 运价竞争 member lines: 会员公司 reduce:减少 outside competition: 外部竞争 capture:获得，争取(原义是“捕获”) traffic: 在这里是“买卖，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠诚，忠实(loyalty agreement: 忠诚协议) shipper:托运人
课文意思：班轮运输的目的是消除会员公司之间在运价上的竞争，通过与托运人之间达成的忠诚协议为会员争取大量货源，以减少外部竞争。
2-2.3
对于托运人来说班轮公会运输的优势(两点)：
1. Stability of freight rates. 稳定的运费率 (stability: 稳定，稳定性)
2. Regularity of services. 定期的运输服务 (regularity:定期，规则，规则性)
