人邮第二辑真题 TEST 4 READING PART 1
　　1、Successful leadership involves making sure that employees accept new ideas.
　　2、A good leader can bring success to a company in difficulties
　　3、Leaders should be assessed on the basis of their achievements
　　4、The personalities of good leaders are generally different from those of other managers
　　5、Patience is a valuable quality in a successful leader
　　6、Leaders consider potential changes in what their company does for others
　　7、Good leaders will encourage their staff if their organization is in difficulties
　　8、Leaders need to adapt their behaviour to suit different circumstances
　　A Maurizio Verna
　　Long-term, visionary business leaders must be prepared to invest to get what they want for their company. They know when and how to apply pressure and to take risks, when they need to display a more hands-off approach. I have a pretty clear view of my ideal business leader, and of course that’s where I ‘m trying to head: he or she should start up and grow a cash-rich, multi-interest international organization of tremendous strength and depth.
　　B Sue Tucker
　　The pace of technological change, and the rate at which businesses are changing , requires leaders to have a particular aptitude for technology and an understanding of the internet. A lot of people are aware of the opportunities here ,but awareness alone isn’t enough: in a true leader this needs to be coupled with clever marketing, product design and technological innovation, and keeping abreast of everything going on in the company. In fact the acid test , I think , is being able to use all of these skills to turn around a failing company.
　　C Carol Godfrey
　　Effective leaders stand out from the herd. They’re often idiosyncratic, even eccentric.They have the confidence to be themselves, and not to adopt the language and attributes of the run-of-the-mill professional managers and accountants. What’s crucial is having the charisma or whatever it is that gives their staff confidence in them, so they can keep everyone on board when they want to make innovations. So often these don’t get off the ground because of lack of leadership, because after all, our response to change is significantly affected by how it’s introduced.
　　D Brian Matthews
　　Leadership is about making things happen and being judged by results. Good ideas that go nowhere are a waste of time. Anticipate needs-those of customers for instance-and initiate action to meet those needs before the people concerned have even recognized they’ve got them. That way you’ll always be ahead of the game, whatever line you’re in. For instance, top stockbrokers will learn all about you and your business and keep themselves completely up to date with your field in order to advise you. If they’re really good they ‘ll recognize trends even before you do .
　　E Ana Costa
　　Outstanding leaders understand both tactics and strategy, and are prepared to play a very long game to achieve their objectives. They understand that in negotiations they need the “ win-win” concept, because losers risk losing their dignity, which is no good for your long-term business relationship with them. Leaders must stay optimistic, whatever the odds, and keep up morale of their company, even when the going’s tough. It’s important to be very much hands-on, too. A good leader will champion ideas that keep the company in the forefront.
　　关于领导力（leadership）的文章，领导的水平对一个企业是至关重要的。
　　第一题，说好的领导力涉及到确保员工能接受新的观点。答案在C段：so they can keep everyone on board when they want to make innovations.这里on board的意思是：as part of a group or team, especially for a special purpose。所以这句的意思是想要变革创新的时候能保证所有人都参与其中。还有这一段的最后一句our response to change is significantly affected by how it’s introduced.变化引进的方式会严重影响我们对变化的反应。意思也就是说，你用一种什么样的方式来要求大家change，最后是会影响大家对change的态度的。那么好的领导力当然会让大家接受change。选C。
　　第二题，好的领导能给处于困境的公司带来成功。答案是B段的这么一句：is being able to use all of these skills to turn around a failing company.。动用所有的技能扭转一个濒临失败边缘公司的状况。
　　第三题，评估领导必须以成就为基础。答案是D段的第一句话：Leadership is about making things happen and being judged by results。以结果来评价。结果，就是所作出的贡献，就是成就（achievements）。
　　第四题，好的领导的素质通常是不同于其他经理们的。答案是C段的这么一句：not to adopt the language and attributes of the run-of-the-mill professional managers and accountants.。Run-of-the-mill是个形容词，一般性的，普通的。attribute是特性。不采用那些一般性的职业经理和会计师的言语和特质。也就是different。
　　第五题，耐性是个成功领导的珍贵品质。答案是E段的第一句话：Outstanding leaders understand both tactics and strategy, and are prepared to play a very long game to achieve their objectives。为了实现自己的目标，要准备打一场持久战。Play a very long game，需要的就是patience。（这题出的也忒绝了，考场上咋想的出来？！）
　　第六题，领导必须考虑公司为他人所作的可能变化。这话有点绕口，其实意思就是要考虑潜在的变化。答案是D段的这么一句：Anticipate needs-those of customers for instance-and initiate action to meet those needs before the people concerned have even recognized they’ve got them.预测需求，在人们还没有意识到之前就采取措施来满足这些需求。Anticipate needs，就是potential changes in what their company does for others。
　　第七题，好的领导会在公司陷入困境时鼓励员工的。答案在E段，比较明显：whatever the odds, and keep up morale of their company, even when the going’s tough.不管有多大的可能性，保持公司的士气，即便是在情况艰难的时候。Keep the morale，就是encourage the staff。
　　第八题，领导需要让他们的行为适应不同的情况。这题也很抽象。选A：They know when and how to apply pressure and to take risks, when they need to display a more hands-off approach.什么时候需要施加压力并且冒险，什么时候需要采用一个防守的策略。也就是根据不同的情况采用不同的措施。真是高度的抽象概括。