人邮第二辑真题 TEST4 READING PART 2
　　Search for the “ worldly –wise” company executives
　　The quest for international managers is underway in virtually every industrialized economy , the search has been made urgent by the globalization of world markets and the growth in crossborder mergers and acquisitions. (0) Many firms report being so stretched that they simply do not have enough of the high-quality people they require to lead their their global expansion.
　　Other companies are having difficulties releasing experienced people from existing operations in order to lead new international ventures. There are indications that a shorftage of internationally skilled people may be an important constraint on firms’ international ambitions. (9) However, identifying the need for international managers is easier than developing them.
　　So what makes an international manager? Paul Evans, a professor at INSEAD, the European business school, does not believe that any particular nationality produces a more international manager. Neither does he believe that it’s a matter of having the ability to cope with a lifestyle that involves working in Madrid one day, London the next and Berlin the day after. (10) Rather, he believes that the secret of being a good international manger is being comfortable with managing diversity.
　　Ford of Europe, which has encouraged the development of international managers for more than 20 years, says that its managers are globally-minded before they become global operators. (11) a car that you buy in the UK, for example, is going to be the same car that sells in Germany, Finland and Portugal, so the people who are involved in the car’s development have to be aware of the market requirements in all those different countries.
　　Generally, it seems that the only effective way to develop international skills and perspectives is through direct international experience. (12) Such experiences open people’s minds to the fact that things are done differently lese where and encourages them to think in a wilder context..
　　Formulating effective strategies for developing a company’s management resource is a demanding exercise, with conflicting issues to be solved (13) Another dilemma is whether to use local managers or expatriates.
　　The recruitment and development of effective international managers requires considerable financial resources and can be hard to justify at budget meetings. (14) however , without them, companies will continue to find their expansion plans frustrated by a lack of internationally effective managers.
　　A From the moment they join the company, employees are faced with having to think internationally
　　B This can be through involvement in international task forces or through living and working abroad.
　　C Should , for example, only an elite few receive international experience in preparation for top jobs or should it be offered to a wider group?
　　D These problems mean that developing managers who think and operate globally is absolutely vital for companies operating in foreign markets.
　　E Language training , overseas visits and in-house management courses are all expensive to implement.
　　F Jet-setting between international operations merely creates a business equivalent of the over-packaged tourist
　　G Companies are now emphasizing the human skills involved in managing other people
　　H These trends are pushing companies’ existing management resources to the limit
　　国际化是趋势，寻找具有国际眼光的经理成了重中之重。
　　开篇第一段和第二段是介绍寻找国际化的经理们的必要性和难度。人才难得。第九空的前面说的就是具备国际技能的人才短缺对公司发展的限制。第九空后面有个however，说认识到对国际化的经理们的需求远比培养他们要容易。可见空格地方说的还是对国际化人才的需要（也就是indentifying the need for international managers），选D：这些问题说明培养具有全球思维和操作能力的经理对于公司在国外市场的操作是至关重要的。These problems，是指代前面说的a shortage of internationally skilled people。至关重要（vital），也就是认识到了这种需要。
　　第三段说国际化的经理需要哪些素质。不一定是具有某个国籍的人，也不需要能适应不同国家的生活方式（lifestyle）。成为一个好的国际化的经理的秘诀是能够应对多样性(managing diversity)。第十空的前面列举了一些错误的想法(国籍和生活方式)，然后空格后面有个rather，表示转折，后面跟着说明真正需要的素质是什么。那么第十空的内容应该还是和前面列举的错误观点相关的。前面观点说的就是国际化的经理们要能在不同背景的国家中生活，今天马德里明天伦敦后天柏林，而事实上这并不需要。满足这个要求的选项是F，有点隐晦。选项中的jet-setting的意思是：An international social set made up of wealthy people who travel from one fashionable place to another.富豪们乘着喷气式飞机从一个地方飞到另一个地方。所以这个选项翻译过来就是：国际操作中的喷气机旅行只是创造出了一种类似于过度包装的旅游业的商业。否定的意思。
　　第四段是以FORD公司来举例。该公司培养国际化的经理已经超过了20年，这些经理们在进行全球操作之前就已经具有全球的思维了（globally-minded）。第十一空后面也是举例，这些经理应该满足什么样的条件。那么总观这么一段，说的就是FORD公司对人才的培养，有什么样的要求。没有global operation之前就是globally-minded，说明公司从一开始就有意识的对这些人进行全球眼光的培养。第十一空选A：从这些人进公司起，就面临着怎么进行国际化的思考的问题。
　　第十二题，上下文稍微明显一些。空格前面说貌似最有效的培养方法是通过直接的国际化经验。空格后面有个such experience，说明空格地方讲的就是international experience。选B，B选项里的international task和living and working abroad就是international experience。
　　第十三题，这一段是讲的培养过程中的一些问题（with conflicting issues to be solved）。空格后面有个another dilemma，另一个困境，到底是使用本地的经理还是外地的(local or expatriate)。那么空格处说的也是问题。选C：是让少数精英接受国际经验，为高层的工作做准备呢，还是为一个更广泛的人群普遍提供国际经验？精英教育还是大众教育，这是个问题。这个问题和后面的local or expatriate算是一个系列的dilemma。
　　第十四题，这题算是比较明显的。文章前半部分说了一堆培养上的麻烦，现在终于谈到关键点上了：钱。商业社会，利益至上。干什么都是要讲究成本的。空格前面说require considerable resources，这里在预算会议上很难说清楚（justify）。空格后面一个however，虽然贵，但是是必要的。空格处的内容还是和钱有关。满足这个条件的选项是E，看到该选项中的expensive，答案就呼之欲出了。