Domestic violence occurs when a family member，partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate or harm the other. The term“intimate partner violence’‘（IPV）is often used； synonymously，other terms have included”wife beatin9“，”wife batterin9“，”relationship violence“。”domestic abuse“，”spousal abuse“，and”family violence“with some legal jurisdictions having specific； definitions. Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women，s movement as concern about wives beinG； beaten by their husbands，and has remained a major focus of modern feminism，particularly in terms of”violence against women“。 Estimates are that only about a third of cases of domestic violence are actually reported in the US and J UK.

　　In other places where there has been less attention and less support，reported cases would be stil10wer.examda.

　　Violence OCCURS in all cultures，people of all races，ethnicities，and religions can be perpetrators of domestic violence.Domestic violence is perpetrated by，and on，both men and women。 and occurs in same-sex and opposite—sex relationships. examda.

　　Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country.According to the Centers for Disease Control domestic violence is a serious，preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans，that is more than l0％of the U.S.population.

　　Domestic violence has many forms，including physical violence，sexual abuse，emotional abuse，intimidation，economic deprivation or threats of violence.There are a number of dimensions：mode：physical，psychological，sexual and／or social frequency：one off，occasional，chronic severity：in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment——transitorv or permanent inj ury--mild，moderate，severe up to homicide Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence although with the rise of the men’s movement， and particularly men’s rights，there is now some advocacy for men as victims，although the statistics concerning the number of male victims given by them are strongly contested by many groups active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence.

　　The means used to measure domestic violence strongly influence the results found，for example， studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women preponderantlv as victims and men to be more violent，whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale，tends to shOW men and women equally violent.

　　The majority of studies investigated male on female domestic violence，thus information on female-on—male（or female-on-female）violence tends to be less available. [412 words]

　　1.IPV tends to Occu ______

　　A.when a family member is harmed physicallyexamda.

　　B.when a family member is hurt psychologically

　　C.when a family member is dominated by another examda.

　　D.when one lives together with his／her partner or ex-partner

　　2.Which of the following statements about the cases of domestic violence is TRUE?

　　A.There are more cases not reported than reported.

　　B.There are more cases in the US than in the UK.

　　C.The cases of violence against wornan are all reported.

　　D.The reported cases are nothing but violence against women.

　　3.Aecording to the text，domestic violence______

　　A.exists in peoples all over the worldexamda.

　　B.occurs less in same-sex relationship

　　C.occurs more in opposite-sex relationship

　　D.depends on races，ethnicities，and religions

　　4.According to the Centers for Disease Control。domestic violence ______

　　A.takes on a variety of forms

　　B.differs from country to country

　　C.is usually more serious than preventable

　　D.affects not less than 10％of the US population

　　5.The author asserts that______

　　A.men are more violent than women examda.

　　B.men and women are equally violent

　　C.there is less female-on—female violence

　　D.both sexes may fall victim to domestic violence  [NextPage]     难句透析

　　①The term“intimate partner violence”（IPV）is often used synonymously，0ther terms have included“wife beating”，“wife battering”，“relationship violence”，“domestic abuse”，“spousal abuse”，and“family violence”[with some legal j urisdictions having specific definitions].

　　【结构】本句是由两个分句组成的并列句。在第二个分句中，谓语动词“included”后面跟有六个并列的宾语。方括号所标示的介词短语“with…definitions”补充说明这六个并列的宾语，其中，现在分词短语“having specific definitions”是“jurisdictions”的后置定语。examda.

　　【释义】“亲密伴侣暴力”与此同义，是经常使用的一个术语。其他术语还有“打妻”、“虐妻”、“夫妻暴力”、“家庭虐待”、“配偶虐待”和“家庭暴力”等有明确法律司法定义的名词。

　　②Recent attention to domestic violence“began in the women'S movement as concern about（wives being beaten by their husbands）]，and has remained a major focus of modern feminism，particularly in terms of”violence against women“.

　　【结构】本句主语是”attention“，后面跟有两个并列的谓语动词”began“和”has remained“。方括号所标示的介词短语”as concern…“用做状语，其中”as“的意思是”作为“。圆括号所标示的带逻辑主语”wives“的动名词短语”be— ing beaten…“是介词”about“的宾语。 examda.

　　【释义】最近对家庭暴力的关注开始于女权运动对丈夫殴打妻子的担忧。家庭暴力一直是现代女权运动关注的焦点，特别使用了”针对女性暴力“这样的术语。

　　③Domestic violence”is perpetrated[by，and on，both men and women]，and“Occurs in same-sex and opposite—sex relationships.

　　【结构】本句主语是”Domestic violence“，谓语是由逗号和”and“连接的两个并列的动词”is perpetrated“和”oe- curs“。方括号所标示的介词短语是第一个谓语动词”is perpetrated“的状语，其中，”both men and women“是两个介词”by，and on“的共同宾语。

　　【释义】男性和女性都可能成为家庭暴力的施动者和受害者，同性关系及异性关系之间也会发生家庭暴力。

　　④Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence[although（with the rise of the men's movement，and particularly men's rights），there is now some advocacy for men as victims]，{although the statistics（concerning the number of male victims（given by them>）are strongly

　　contested by many groups（active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence））].

　　【结构】介词短语”as…violence“是”women“的后置定语。方括号所标示的部分”although…violence“是整句主句的让步状语从句。圆括号所标示的介词短语”with…rights“在这个大让步状语从句中用做状语。”although the statistics…domestic violence“是这个大让步状语从句中的次一级让步状语从句。圆括号所标示的现在分词短语”concerning……them“是”statistics“的后置定语，其中”them“指”statistics“。圆括号所标示的”active…vi0 lenee“是”groups“的后置定语，其中”the field of domestic violence“是介词”on“和”in“的共同宾语。

　　【释义】人们往往倾向于把女性看做家庭暴力的受害者。然而，随着男权运动的兴起，特别强调男性权利，如今有人呼吁把男性看做受害者。不过，倡}义者所提交的家庭暴力男性受害者的统计数据遭到了很多活跃的家庭暴力研究团体的强烈质疑。

　　⑤The means used to measure domestic violence]strongly influence the results[found]，for example，”studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women preponderantly as victims and men to be more violent.whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale。tends to show men and women equally violent.

　　【结构】方括号所标示的过去分词短语“used t0…violence”是“means”的后置定语。方括号所标示的过去分词“found”是“results”的后置定语。“for example”之后是由逗号和“whereas”连接的两个分句组成的并列句。第一个分句的主语是“studies…and extrap01ations…”，谓语动词是“show”，第二个分句的主语是“Conflict Tactics Scale”，谓语动词是“tends to show”。

　　【释义】评估家庭暴力的方法严重影响所发现的结果。例如，对被曝光的家庭暴力所做的研究以及根据这些研究所做的推断表明，女性大多是受害者，男性则更暴力。而以普查为基础的《冲突行为量表》往往表明，男女暴力倾向程度不相上下。

　　[NextPage]     全文翻译

　　如果一位家庭成员、伴侣或者前伴侣试图在身体上或者心理上控制或伤害另一方，家庭暴力就发生了。“亲密伴侣暴力”与此同义，是经常使用的一个术语。其他术语还有“打妻”、“虐妻”、“夫妻暴力”、“家庭虐待”、“配偶虐待”和“家庭暴力”等有明确法律司法定义的名词。

　　最近对家庭暴力的关注开始于女权运动对丈夫殴打妻子的担忧。家庭暴力一直是现代女权运动关注的焦点，特别使用了“针对女性暴力”这样的术语。

　　据估计，美国和英国国内只有大约三分之一的家庭暴力事件得到曝光。其他对家庭暴力关注度较低，缺乏支持的地方暴力事件的曝光率可能更低。

　　任何的文化环境里都会出现家庭暴力事件，所有的种族、民族以及宗教都会出现家庭暴力的凶手。男性和女性都可能成为家庭暴力的施动者和受害者，同性关系及异性关系之间也会发生家庭暴力，#。

　　每个国家对家庭暴力的意识以及记录情况都有所不同。根据疾病防治中心的记录，家庭暴力是一个很严重，但可以预防的公众健康问题，它对3200万美国人的生活造成了影响，比全美人口的10％还要多。

　　严重程度：就心理或者身体伤害以及治疗需要而言——短暂性或者永久性的伤害——轻度，中度，伤及性命

　　人们往往倾向于把女性看做家庭暴力的受害者。然而，随着男权运动的兴起，特别强调男性权利，如今有人呼吁把男性看做受害者。不过，倡议者所提交的家庭暴力男性受害者的统计数据遭到了很多活跃的家庭暴力研究团体的强烈质疑。

　　评估家庭暴力的方法严重影响所发现的结果。例如，对被曝光的家庭暴力所做的研究以及根据这些研究所做的推断表明，女性大多是受害者，男性则更暴力。而以普查为基础的《冲突行为量表》往往表明，男女暴力倾向程度不相上下。

　　大多数的研究都只调查了男性对女性施暴的情况，这样就导致了女性对男性（或者女性对女性）施暴的数据的缺失。

　　超纲词汇

　　transitory adj.短时间的

　　perpetrator n.犯罪者，作恶者

　　batter vt／vi,接连重击

　　spousal adj.结婚的

　　intimidation n.恐吓，威吓，恐吓罪

　　chronic adj.慢性的，延续很长的

　　homicide n.杀人，杀人者

　　jurisdiction n.司法权，裁判权

　　extrapolation n.外推（法），归纳，推论

　　preponderantly adv.占优势地，较重地，压倒地

　　contest vt.争论，争辩，竞赛，争夺

　　ethnicity n.种族划分

　　perpetrate vt.作（恶），犯（罪），为（非）

　　参考答案：1.C    2.A    3.A    4.D    5.D