2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（24）
发布时间：2012/10/30 22:52:07 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Well，he made it up.All of it，apparently.According to a report published on December 29th by Seoul National University in South Korea，its erstwhile employee Hwang W00—suk，who had tendered his resignation six days earlier，deliberately falsified his data in the paper on human embryonic stem cells that he and 24 colleagues published in Science in May 2005.
In particular，Dr Hwang claimed he had created l l colonies of human embryonic stem cells genetically matched to specific patients.He had already admitted that nine of these were bogus，but had said that this was the result of an honest mistake，and that the other two were still the real McCoy.A panel of experts appointed by the university to investigate the matter，however，disagreed.They found that DNA fingerprint traces conducted on the stem—cell lines reported in the paper had been manipulated to make it seem as if aH l l lines were tailored to specific patients.In fact，none of them matched the volunteers with spinal—cord injuries and diabetes who had donated skin cells for the work.To obtain his promisin9“results”，Dr Hwang had sent for testing two samples from each donor，rather than a sample from the donor and a sample of the cells into which the donor's DNA had supposedly been transplanted.
The panel also found that a second claim in the paper--that only l85 eggs were used to create the ll stem—cell lines——was false.The investigators said the actual number of eggs used was far larger，in the thousands，although they were unable to determine an exact figure.
The reason this double fraud is such a blow is that human embryonic stem-cell research has great expectations.Stem cells，which have not yet been programmed to specialise and can thus，in principle，grow into any tissue or organ。could be used to treat illnesses ranging from diabetes to Parkinson's disease.⑥They might even be able to fix spinal—cord inj uries.And stem cells cloned from a patient would not be rej ected as foreign by his immune system.
Dr Hwang's reputation，of course，is in tatters.The university is now investigating two other groundbrcaking experiments he claims to have conducted--the creation of the world's first cloned human embrvo and the extrac.tion of stem cells from it，and the creation of the world's first cloned d09.He is also in trouble for breaching ethical guidelines by using eggs donated by members of his research team. [410 words]
1.It is unforgivable______.examda.
A.for a scientist to plagiarize in his paper
B.for a scientist to falsify data in his research
C.for Dr Hwang to claim his research result
D.for Science to publish Dr Hwan9's paper
2.Dr Hwangs first fraud is his claim that______
A.he had created 11 stem—cell lines genetically matched to specific patients
B.nine of the 11 colonies of human embryonic stem cells were false
C.all 11 stem—cell lines were tailored to specific patients,examda.
D.only 185 eggs were used to create the 11 stem-cell lines
3.Which of the following helps explain the serious impact of Dr Hwangs fraud?
A.Stem cells could be used to treat various illnesses.
B.Stem cells might be able to fix spinal-cord injuries. examda.
C.Human embryonic stem—cell research has irrational expectations.
D.The expectations for human embryonic stem—cell research have been impaired.
4.Dr Hwangs reputation suffers greatly partly owing t0______
A.his cloned dog examda.
B.his cloned human embryo
C.his using eggs donated by his colleagues
D.his extraction of stem cells from the cloned human embryo
5.The text is mainly about______.
A.Dr Hwang Woo-suk and his research
B.South Korea cloning pioneer disgraced
C.plarism in scientific research
D.human embryonic stem-cell research [NextPage] 难句透析
①According to a report[published on December 29th by Seoul National University in South Korea]，its erstwhile employee Hwang W00—suk，[who had tendered his resignation six days earlier]，deliberately falsified his data in the paper On human embryonic stem cells[that he and 24 colleagues published in Science in May 2005].examda.
【结构】第一个方括号所标示的后置过去分词短语修饰“report”。第二个方括号所标示的后置定语从句修饰“Hwang Woo suk”。第三个方括号所标示的后置定语从句修饰“paper”。
【释义】根据韩国首尔国立大学l2月29日公布的一个报告，该大学原雇员黄禹锡于6天前辞职，他和他的24名同事在2005年5月的《科学》期刊上发表了关于人胚胎干细胞的论文，论文中的数据都是他故意伪造的。 examda.
②He“had already admitted rthat nine of these were bogus]，but”had said“‘[that this was the result of an honest mistake]，and’”[that the other two were still the real McCoy].
【结构】本句的谓语是由“but”连接的两个动词“had…admitted”和“had said”并列而成的。第二个谓语动词“had said”后跟有两个并列的宾语从句。
【释义】黄博士已经承认其中9条是假的，但是他说，那是诚实错误造成的后果，并说另外两条是真的。
③They found[that DNA fingerprint traces（conducted on the stem—cell lines）（reported in the paper）had been ma— nipulated to make it seem as if all l l lines were tailored to specific patients].
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是“found”的宾语从句。两个圆括号所标示的后置过去分词短语都修饰“traces”。
【释义】这些专家发现，论文中报告的对干细胞系列所进行的DNA图谱跟踪都是经过巧妙处理的，看来，似乎所有11条序列都在故意去适应特殊的病人。
④To obtain his promisin9“results”，Dr H wang had sent for testing two samples from each donor，rather than a sample from the donor and a sample of the cells[into which the donor's DNA had supposedly been transplanted].
【结构】其中，“had sent for testing two samples”相当于“had sent two samples for testing”。方括号所标示的后置定语从句修饰“cells”。
【释义】为了获得有前途的“成果”，黄博士从每个捐赠人的细胞中取两份而不是取一份抽样送检，同时从据认为接受了DNA移植的人的细胞中取另一份抽样。
⑤The reason[this double fraud is such a blow]is[that human embryonic stem—cell research has great expecta-tions].
【结构】第一个方括号所标示的部分是“reason”的同位语从句。第二个方括号所标示的部分是表语从句。
【释义】这种双重欺骗引起这么强烈的冲击，原因在于，对人类胚胎干细胞研究有很大的期望。
⑥Stem cells，[which“have not yet been programmed to specialise and”can thus，in principle，grow into any tis- sue or organ]，could be used to treat illnesses[ranging from diabetes to Parkinson's disease].
【结构】第一个方括号所标示的后置定语从句修饰“Stem cells”，该从句中有两个并列的谓语动词。第二个方括号所标示的后置现在分词短语修饰“illnesses”。
【释义】干细胞并未被设定变成什么特定组织，因此，原则上讲，可以成长为任何组织或器官。干细胞可以用来治疗从糖尿病到帕金森氏症等多种疾病。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
他编造了这份成果。很显然，全部都是假的。根据韩国首尔国立大学l2月29日公布的一个报告，该大学原雇员黄禹锡于6天前辞职，他和他的24名同事在2005年5月的《科学》期刊上发表了关于人胚胎干细胞的论文，论文中的数据都是他故意伪造的。
特别是，黄博士声称他创造了11条人类胚胎干细胞，并且都是针对特定病患的基因制造的。黄博士已经承认其中9条是假的，但是他说，那是诚实错误造成的后果，并说另外两条是真的。但由大学指派的专门调查此事的专家团却不同意他的说法。这些专家发现，论文中报告的对于细胞系列所进行的DNA图谱跟踪都是经过巧妙处理的，看来，似乎所有11条序列都在故意去适应特殊的病人。事实上，它们根本无法和为本次实验提供表皮细胞的脊椎病患者和糖尿病患者相符。为了获得有前途的“成果”，黄博士从每个捐赠人的细胞中取两份而不是取一份抽样送检，同时从据认为接受了DNA移植的人的细胞中取另一份抽样。
专家团还发现该文章中声称的第，二项成果—即仅用了185枚卵来制造这11条干细胞线一也是假的，#。调查员们称，实际所用的卵子数量庞大，有上千枚之多，但他们也无法确定实际上到底用了多少。
这种双重欺骗引起这么强烈的冲击，原因在于，对人类胚胎于细胞研究有很大的期望。干细胞并未被设定变成什么特定组织，因此，原则上讲，可以成长为任何组织或器官。干细
胞可以用来治疗从糖尿病到帕金森氏症等多种疾病。@他们甚至可以被用于治疗脊椎疾病。由一位病人身上复制的干细胞将不会被其免疫系统当做外来物而遭到排斥。
当然，现在黄博士已经声名扫地。现在大学正在对他声称的另外两项突破性实验成果进行调查一项是世界首例克隆人类胚胎以及从其体内提取的干细胞，另一项则是世界上首例克隆狗。他同时还因使用来自同组研究人员的卵子进行试验而打破了道德准则，他也将因此惹上麻烦。
超纲词汇
bogus adj.假的，伪造的
diabetes n.[医]糖尿病，多尿症
embryonic adj.[生]胚胎的
erstwhile adj.从前的，过去的
falsify vt.篡改，伪造
McCoy n.本人（非替代者），真品（菲代用品或冒牌货）
spinalcord n.脊髓
tatter n.碎布
参考答案：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B
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