2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（39）
发布时间：2012/10/31 13:04:13 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Let's now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned type of scientist，the theorist.Theorists are considered separately，since they are the rarest，most fascinatin9，and most important of the species sCientificus.Their motivational system most often is that of the Player，although occasionally it is that of the Operator.examda.
Although theorists are often viewed as cold，rational，deliberate machines，they are generally almost the opposite of this popular picture.They are usually individuals of strong feelings who have the ego of actors and an irrational，almost mystic attachment to particular views of their discipline.The appearance of cool deliberation is their public face，which often represents only their disdain for contact with the spectators. examda.
There are important occupational differences between theorists and other scientists.Theorists set the framework within which others do their research.Those other than the theorists do the important work of filling in details of existing theories.Nontheorists fulfill a relatively safe and useful function. Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist unless he or she happens to accumulate evidence contrary to the status qu0.
What is the general personality makeup of theorists?Are they normal，neurotic，or even psychotic? They rarely fit the pattern of middle-class normality，and yet they are intensely in touch with their own reality.Perhaps they don't fit any of the usual categories.George Bernard Shaw once said“The reasonable mall adapts himself to the world；the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.Therefore，all progress depends on the unreasonable man.”Perhaps his message was to tolerate the dissenters，the faddists，the kooks，and in general those who disagree with what we know is right so long as they don't be#e tOO violent.②Tolerate them，not out of any sense of humanity but for crass self-interest.A few of them are innovators，and society needs them infinitely more than they need society. examda.
In reviewing all the groups of scientists and science-trained individuals we have encountered，we find a range of individuals spread over the whole spectrum of human behavior but with some important #mon characteristics.④Scientists are neither supermen nor naive children.They are not foggily absent—minded or unrealistic；rather，many of the things they consider important and real are often quite different from those of the“everyday”world. [389 words]
1.A theorist pursues science primarily for______.
A.playing the game of science
B.the benefits of humankind
C.changing the world
D.challenging the status quo
2.It is generally thought that a theorist in science is an individual who is______.
A.both cold and rational
B.both enthusiastic and irrational
C.both neurotic and psychotic
D.both self-important and self-righteous
3.Scientific theorists are______
A.rarely admired
B.seldom discredited
C.usually isolated from ordinary people
D.1iving in a reality different from that of ordinary people
4.Nontheorists in science are______.
A.usually absent—minded or unrealistic
B.never interested in scientific theories
C.rarely interested in details of existing theories
D.willing to do their work within the framework set by theorists
5.In the author's opinion，______
A.a scientist should never try to adapt himself to the world
B.a nontheorist seldom tries to adapt the world to himself
C.theorists contribute to the progress of human society
D.theorists have little to do with the modern society[NextPage] 难句透析
①Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist-unless he or she happens to ac— cumulate evidence（contrary to the status quo）]. examda.
【结构】在本句中，主句主语是“their work”，指前一句所说的“非理论家的科学工作者所从事的工作”；主句谓语是由“hut”连接的两个并列动词“contributes”和“does not threaten”。圆括号所标示的部分是形容词短语，用做后置定语，修饰“evidence”。
【释义】非理论家的科学工作者从事的工作对科学有所贡献，但是不会对科学家个人产生威胁，除非他收集的证据与现状截然相反。
②Perhaps his message was to tolerate“the dissenters，the faddists，”the kooks，and in generalthose[who dis— agree with（what<we know）is right）]一[so long as they don't be#e too violent].examda.
【结构】动词不定式“tO tolerate”后面跟有四个用上标的数字标明的并列宾语。第一个方括号所标示的部分是定语从句，修饰“those”。破折号后面的第二个方括号所标示的部分是状语从句，起补充说明作用。
【释义】或许，他的意思是说，应该容忍那些反对派、那些追求时尚的人、那些怪癖的人和那些反对我们认为正确的看法的人——只要他们不过于狂热就行。
③In reviewing all the groups of scientists and science-trained individuals we have encountered]，we find a range of individuals[spread over the whole spectrum of human behavior with some important #mon characteristics].
【结构】第一个方括号所标示的部分是定语从句，修饰“all the groups of scientists and science-trained individu als”；第二个方括号所标示的部分是过去分词短语，用做后置定语，修饰“a range of individuals”。
【释义】回顾一下我们见过的所有科学团体和受过科学训练的人，我们发现什么样的人都有，行为各异，但有一些重要的共同特点。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
现在让我们一起来关注一群总体来说被人尊重但不时地又会遭人诽谤的科学家，即理论家。理论家们应该单独作为一类人加以关注，因为他们是最不常见、最引人瞩目也是最重要的科学家。他们的动机系统通常都和实践者相一致，当然不时地也会和操纵者相符。examda.
尽管人们眼中的理论家们通常都是冷漠、理智而精密的机械，但实际上他们都应该具有这种流行意见的反面性格。他们通常都是有着如同演员那样自高自大的强烈情感的人，并且通常也会对自己的一些原则有着神秘的归属感。平常表现出来的冷峻的思考只不过是他们面对公众时的态度，这通常也代表了他们不愿与受众接触的态度。
理论家与其他科学家在职业性质上有很大的不同。理论家为其他科学家的研究工作架设好了框架。非理论家的科学家们主要就是向现有的理论当中填充实际内容。非理论家们充当着相对更安全、更有用的角色。非理论家的科学工作者从事的工作对科学有所贡献，但是不会对科学家个人产生威胁，除非他收集的证据与现状截然相反。
那么大致上讲，理论家们的性格是怎样的呢？他们是像正常人，还是神经质，甚至还是都是精神病患者？他们很少能被归结为中产阶级式的人，但他们与自己的社会现实还是保持着紧密的联系。或许他们根本就不能被归类到任何一个常类当中。乔治。伯纳德。肖曾说过：“理性的人改造自己以适应社会；不理性的人坚持尝试改变社会来适应自己。因此，所有进步的事业都得依靠那些不理性的人。”或许，他的意思是说，应该容忍那些反对派、那些追求时尚的人、那些怪癖的人和那些反对我们认为正确的看法的人——只要他们不过于狂热就行。容忍他们，这并不是出于任何人道主义的考虑而是完全为了我们自己。他们当中会有那么几个成为发明家，社会无限地渴求这些人，远比他们对社会的需求要强烈得多。
回顾一下我们见过的所有科学团体和受过科学训练的人，我们发现什么样的人都有，行为各异，但有一些重要的共同特点。科学家们既不是超人也不是幼稚的孩童。他们既不是懵懵懂懂地心不在焉，也不是不现实；他们所认为的重要的和实际的事务当中有大多数都和“日常”世界里人们思考的问题是不一致的。
超纲词汇
Crass adj.粗鲁的，愚钝的，粗糙的
disdain n.轻蔑
Dissenter n.不同意者，非国教派的人，反对者
ego n.自我，利己主义，自负
Faddist n.趋于时尚者，好新奇的人examda.
foggily adv.多雾地
Irrational adj.无理性的，失去理性的
kook n.（美口）怪人，疯子，傻瓜
Malign v.诽谤
Mystic adj.神秘的，神秘主义的
Neurotic n.／adj.神经病患者；神经质的，神经
psychotic adj.n.精神病的；精神病患者
status n.（拉）现状
参考答案：1.A 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C
