2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（51）
发布时间：2012/10/31 13:22:13 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
[英译汉]
Where does history end and current affairs begin? John Lewis Gaddis, who is often described as the dean of cold.war historians, has no doubts about his own special subiect. （1） To his students at Yale University, many of whom were still children when the confrontation with the Soviets ended in 1989, he writes, the cold war is history: not all that different from the Peloponnesian War. With a mixture of wistfulness and wonderment, Mr Gaddis notes:When I talk about Stalin and Truman, even Reagan and Gorbachev, it could as easily be Napoleon, Caesar or Alexander the Great.
It is partly in deference to a new generation that Mr Gaddis has decided to write a fresh and admirably concise history of the cold war. With disarming frankness, he also admits that his agent had spotted a gap in the market. But Mr Gaddis latest work avoids the obvious trap of simply being a summary of his earlier writings, the historian's equivalent of a Greatest Hitsalbum. （2）While the books that made Mr Gaddis' reputation, in particular his 1982 classic, Strategies of Containment, necessarily concentrated on the American perspective, his latest work provides a much more rounded picture by drawing on the flood of information that has #e out from the Soviet side since the end of the cold war. Mr Gaddis recounts not only what Truman, Kennedy and Reagan were thinking, but also how Stalin, Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev responded to the same events.
The reader learns, for example, how close the Americans came to winning the Korean war and creating a united, pro-western Korea. At one point Stalin seemed resigned to the defeat of North Korea. Mr Gaddis quotes him as wearilyremarking So what. Let it be. Let the Americans be our neighbours. The pro-western tide was turned only when Mao persuaded his own advisers that China must intervene, and sent 300,000 troops to support Kim I1 Sung.
The American side of the cold war has been familiar for a long time. But even here Mr Gaddis' mastery of the material, his fluent style and eye for the telling anecdote make his new work a pleasure. （3） The reader #es across plain-speaking Harry Truman worrying privately about the need for a #plete change in human nature if the nuclear age was not to be succeeded by the insect age or an atmosphereless planet. There is also the sleepless Richard Nixon leaving the White House in the early hours of the morning to argue with anti-Vietnam-war demonstrators gathered under the Lincoln Memorial.
（4） As one of Americas leading historians, Mr Gaddis has been consulted by President George Bush on several occasions--notably just before Mr Bush made his second inaugural speech in which he pledged to end tyrannyaround the world. The admiration is mutual. Unusually for an Ivy League eminence, Mr Gaddis backed the Iraq war and praised the Bush administration for the boldness and vision of its foreign policy. （5）And while he is too conscientious an historian to allow his political views to intrude upon his narrative of the cold war, a few minor passages hint at his real feelings., a trace of irritation in his account of General de Gaulles anti-Americanism and an obvious admiration for the clarity and simplicity of the ideas of Ronald Reagan. [547 words]
超纲词汇
containment n.围堵政策，牵制政策
deference n.顺从，尊重
eminence n.出众，显赫，崇高
inaugural adj.就职的，开始的
intervene vi.干涉，干预，插入，介入，（指时间）介于其间
Peloponnesian adj.（希腊南部）伯罗奔尼撒半岛的
Reeount v.叙述
resigned adj.顺从的，听天由命的
Wistfulness n.渴望，愿望 [NextPage] 【参考译文】
（1）他写道，对耶鲁大学他的学生来说，冷战“已成历史，与伯罗奔尼撒半岛战争史没什么区别”。他的这些学生中 有很多人在1989年结束和前苏联的对抗时还只不过是孩子。
（2）令加迪斯先生出名的着作，特别是1982年出版的他的名着《牵制策略》必然集中在美国的观点上，而他最新的着作掐 绘了更全面的画面，着作中引用了冷战结束后来自前苏联一方的大量信息。
（3）读者在书中可以读到哈里·杜鲁门，他讲话朴实无华，他私下担心，如果核时代结束后出现的不是“昆虫时代或 没有大气的星球”，则需要彻底改变人的本性。
（4）加迪斯先生是美国一位杰出的历史学家。乔治·布什总统曾几次咨询加迪斯先生，最突出的一次是布什第二次 就职演说之前所作的咨询。布什在第二次就职演说中保证要在世界范围内“结束暴政”。
（5）加迪斯先生是一位极其认真的历史学家，他不允许用自己的政治观点来影响自己对冷战的描述，不过有几小段 话流露了他的真实情感：描述戴高乐将军反美时的一丝愤怒，对罗纳德·里根想法的清晰和简洁明显的赞美。
【句结构解析】
（1）To his students at Yale University，[many of whom were still children（when the confrontation with the Soviets ended in 1989）]，he writes，the cold war is“history：not all that different from the Peloponnesian War”。
（2）While the books[that made Mr Gaddis'reputation]，in particular his 1982 classic，“Strategies of Containmerit”，necessarily concentrated on the American perspective。his latest work provides a much more rounded picture by drawing on the flood of information[that has #e out from the Soviet side since the end of the cold war].
（3）The reader #es across plain-speaking Harry Truman[worrying privately about the need for a #plete change in human nature（if the nuclear age was not tO be succeeded by the“insect age or an atmosphereless planet”）].（4）As one of America'S leading historians，Mr Gaddis has been consulted by President George Bush on several OC— casions--notably[just before Mr Bush made his second inaugural speech（in which he pledged to“end tyranny” around the world）].
（5）And while he is too conscientious an historian to allow his political views to intrude upon his narrative of the cold war。a few minor passages hint at his real feelings：a trace of irritation in his account of General de Gaulle'S anti—Americanism and an obvious admiration for the clarity and simplicity of the ideas of Ronald Reagan.
全文翻译
历史在何时终结，而当代事件又从何时开始计算？被称作冷战史学之父的约翰·刘易斯·加迪斯在他自己的研究领域内从未对上述问题产生疑虑。
（1）他写道，对耶鲁大学他的学生来说，冷战“已成历史，与伯罗奔尼撒战争史没什么区别”。他的这些学生中有很多人在1989年结束和前苏联的对抗时还只不过是孩子。怀着一种既渴望又讶异的心情，加迪斯先生强调说：“当我在谈论斯大林和杜鲁门，甚至谈论里根和戈尔巴乔夫的时候，学生们可能感觉和在谈论拿破仑、凯撒以及亚历山大大帝没有什么区别。”
出于尊重新一代人的需求，加迪斯先生决定撰写一部全新而相当简要的冷战史。出于他使人毫无戒心的直率，他也承认写书的一个原因是他的经纪人看准了市场上有对此类书籍供求的缺口。但是加迪斯先生的新作也避开了仅仅是其以前着作的汇总的陈旧套路，因为历史学家们总是会以这样的书籍作为他们“最大的卖点”。
（2）全加迪斯先生出名的着作，特别是l982年出版的他的名着《牵制策略》必然集中在美国的观点上，而他最新的着作描绘了更全面的画面，着作中引用了冷战结束后来自前苏联二方的大量堡息！加迪斯先生不仅重述了当时杜鲁门、肯尼迪及里根是怎样思考这些事件的，他还同时讲述了斯大林、赫鲁晓夫以及米卡尔·戈尔巴乔夫是怎样对同一事件做出回应的。
读者们会在书中了解到，譬如美国当年是如何地接近取得朝鲜战争的胜利并且准备建立一个统一的、西化的韩国的。斯大林曾一度听任了北朝鲜将会失败的命运。加迪斯先生引用当时的情形写到斯大林“疲倦地”说：“输了又怎么样。由他去吧。就让美国人来做咱们的邻居吧。”这股西化的潮流一直到毛泽东说服了他的顾问团中国必须介入之后，派遣30万中国军队开入朝鲜支持金日成时才得到了逆转。
美国方面在冷战期间的情况是早已尽人皆知。但因为得益于加迪斯先生对材料的娴熟掌握，对故事的流畅讲述以及挑选奇闻逸事的独到之处。他的新作使人读起来心旷神怡。
（3）读者在书中可以读到哈里‘杜鲁门，他讲话朴实无华，他私下担心，如果核时代结束后出现的不是“昆虫时代或没有大气的星球”，则需要彻底改变人的本性。读者们同样可以读到彻夜未眠的理查德·尼克松一大早离开白宫，去和聚集在林肯纪念碑下的反越战示威者们进行辩论。
（4）加迪斯先生是美国一位杰出的历史学家。乔治·布什总统曾几次咨询加迪斯先生，最突出的一次是布什第二次就职演说之前所作的咨询。布什在第二次就职演说中保证要在世界范围内“结束暴政”。他们之间的仰慕是相互的。这在常春藤联盟的精英分子中是很少见的，加迪斯先生不仅支持发动伊拉克战争而且还表扬了布什政府的外交政策富有勇敢的精神和预见性。
（5）加迪斯先生是一位极其认真的历史学家，他不允许用自己的政治观点来影响自己对冷战的描述，不过有几小段话流露了他的真实情感：描述戴高乐将军反美时的一丝愤怒，对罗纳德·里根想法的清晰和简洁明显的赞美。
