2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（54）
发布时间：2012/10/31 13:26:49 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Making and selling fake copies of well—known products has been a nice little earner for crafty craftsmen over thousands of years：in Roman Gaul，unscrupulous potters would put the seals of better— known #petitors on their urns so they would sell better.①Until the 1980s，counterfeiting was a relativelv small一scale business，restricted mainly to copying luxury fashion items，such as watches and leather goods，in limited quantities.But in the l 990s it was transformed into a much bigger，broader industrv，with large—scale production and distribution of false versions of such everyday items as biscuits and shamp00.Modern technology is making it ever easier to create near-perfect copies of branded goods for a fraction of the retail price of the real thing.
Bv its nature，the extent of counterfeiting is hard to measure precisely， but a study by the International Chamber of Commerce reckoned that it grew from perhaps 3％of world trade in l990 t0 5％ in l995.John Pepper，chairman of Procter&Gamble，a consumer—goods multinational，says it may now be 7％一9％，0r over$450 billion a year.
In some developing countries，the authorities have had，at best，an—ambiv—alent attitude towards the booming manufacture of fake goods in their midst，After all，it creates jobs for local people and，at first sight，appears only to hurt foreign firms.Thus the richer countries whose firms are the main victims have had to use a mixture of persuasion and threats to get poorer nations to crack down on the pirates· The Uruguay round of world trade talks，which ended in l 994，resulted in an Agreement on the Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual-Property Rights，which obliges all member countries of the World Trade 0rganisation to impose penalties for counterfeiting and other breaches of intellectual—property rights；to pnfnrrP their Diracv laws adeouatelv；and to help firms inhibit trade in faked versions of their products.
Besides offering poorer countries trade privileges in return for a clampdown on counterfeitin9，rich countries have tried convincing them that if they try harder to enforce intellectual—property rights'they will win more foreign investment. But，realising that persuasion is having little effect，they are also resorting to threats：on January l 5th，America issued a warning to the Philippines and Taiwan，two of the world's leading piracy centres，that they may have their trade privileges taken away unless they crack down harder on the counterfeiting gangs.Taiwan's justice minister，Chen Ding-nan，has vowed to rid the island of its reputation as a pirates'den.But the counterfeiters are mocking his efforts：some pirated video discs of the new James Bond film“Die Another Day”，widely available on Taiwan's streets，carry the taunting message“Come and catch me，Chen Ding-nan. [450 wordsl ]
1.The first paragraph is written to tell us that______.
A.the history of counterfeiting is more than thousands of years
B.counterfeiting is an effective way to make more money
C.modern technology is responsible for the booming manufacture of fake goods
D.counterfeiting has be#e more and more rampant
2.The second paragraph is mainly about ______
A.the extent of counterfeiting in worId trade
B.the difficulty to measure the extent of counterfeiting
C.a study by the International Chamber of #merce
D.what John Pepper，chairman of Procter&Gamble，says
3.The underlined word”ambivalent“in the third paragraph most probably means______.
A.critical
B.contradictory
C.positiVe
D.negatiVe
4.In order for poorer countries to crack down on counterfeiting，______
A.more jobs have to be created there for local people
B.rich cuntries resrt to both persuasion and threats
C.the World Trade Organisation was set up
D.the Uruguay round of world trade talks was held in 1994
5.Rich countries intend to______
A.offer poorer countries trade privileges
B.take away the trade privileges they have given poorer countries
C.clamp down counterfeiting in poorer countries
D.threaten the counterfeiting gangs in Philippines [NextPage] 难句透析
①[Making and selling fake copies of well—known products]has been a nice little earner for crafty craftsmen over thousands of years：in Roman Gaul，unscrupulous potters would put the seals of better-known #petitors on their urns so they would sell better].
【结构】第一个方括号所标示的由两个动名词并列而成的短语用做全句的主语，按单数处理，动词用“has been”。冒号后面是另一句话，用做例子，起补充说明作用。第一个“would”表示过去经常性的动作；在第二个方括号所标示的“S0”引导的目的状语从句中出现的另一个“would”表示过去将来时。
【释义】几千年来，仿造、销售知名产品一直是狡诈的技工小赚一笔的手段。在古罗马的高卢人中，就有奸猾的陶工常常在他们制作的瓮壶上标上更知名的竞争对手的印记，以利出售。
②In some developing countries，the authorities have had，at best，an ambivalent attitude towards the booming manufacture of fake goods in their midst.
【结构】“have…an attitude towards…”的意思是“对…持…态度”。“the boomin9…midst”是介词“towards”的宾语。
【释义】在某些发展中国家，对他们之中兴旺的假冒伪劣产品制造业，官方顶多采取一种矛盾的态度。
③The Uruguay round of world trade talks，[which ended in l994]，resulted in an Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual—Property Rights。[which obliges all member countries of the World Trade Organisation l'to impose penalties for counterfeiting and other breaches of intellectual—property rights；to enforce their piracy laws adequately；and“to help firms inhibit trade in faked versions of their products].
【结构】第一个方括号所标示的定语从句修饰”The Uruguay round of world trade talks“。第二个方括号所标示的定语从句修饰”an Agreement“。三个并列的动词不定式短语to impose…rights；to en，0rce…adequately； and”to help…products“用做宾语补语。
【释义】世贸乌拉圭回合谈判结束于l994年，这轮谈判结果达成了一个关于知识产权贸易相关方面的协议。该协议要求世贸组织所有成员国惩罚伪造以及其他破坏知识产权的行为；
真执行反盗版的法律；帮助公司阻止伪造产品的交易。
④But，[realising（that persuasion is having little effect）]，they are also resorting to threats：on January l5th，A— meriea issued a warning to the Philippines and Taiwan，Etwo of the world'S leading piracy centers]，[that they may have their trade privileges taken away（unless they crack down harder on the counterfeiting gangs）].
【结构】第一个方括号所标示的现在分词短语”realizin9…“用做原因状语。主语”they“指”rich countries“。第二个方括号所标示的”tw0…centers“是”the Philippines and Taiwan“的同位语。第三个方括号所标示的”that they…gangs“是”a warnin9“的同位语从句。
【释义】但是，这些富国意识到劝说起不了什么作用，他们也进行恐吓。l月15目，美国警告菲律宾和台湾，世界上的两大盗版中心，除非他们严格取缔盗版团伙，否则将取消他们的贸易特惠待遇。
全文翻译
几千年来，仿造、销售知名产品一直是狡诈的技工小赚一笔的手段。在古罗马的高卢人中，就有奸猾的陶工常常在他们制作的瓮壶上标上更知名的竞争对手的印记，以利出售。①直到20世纪80年代，伪造产品仍然是小规模生意，主要局限在仿制数量有限的高档时尚商品上，比如钟表和皮货。但到了90年代之后，伪造商品就扩大成为更大、更广范围内的工业，生产数量也随之扩大，经销的假货已经扩展到了日常使用的商品，比如饼干和洗发水等。现代科技的发展，更是使得仿冒者可以用真品零售价的零头的钱来伪造几乎能够乱真的假名牌货。
从其本质上看，仿冒伪造业的泛滥程度根本无法精确计算，但是由世界商业联合会做的一份研究承认伪造生产的比例已经由1990年时的3％增长到了1995年时的5％。作为消费品生产跨国企业的宝姿公司的老总约翰·佩珀的说法，伪造业现在可能占据了7％一9％的市场，并且每年产值可达4500亿美金。
在某些发展中国家，对他们之中兴旺的假冒伪劣产品制造业，官方顶多采取一种矛盾的态度。毕竟这些仿冒产业可以为本地居民提供工作机会，粗看上去这只会伤及外资企业。因此，那些受害企业的富裕的母国不得不采取说服和威胁并用的手段来迫使贫穷国家打击盗版。世贸乌拉圭回合谈判结束于1994年，这轮谈判结果达成了一个关于知识产权贸易相关方面的协议。该协议要求世贸组织所有成员国惩罚伪造以及其他破坏知识产权的行为；认真执行反盗版的法律；帮助公司阻止伪造产品的交易。
除了为贫穷国家提供贸易特权以作为对打击盗版的回报之外，富裕国家还试图说服贫穷国家如果他们能加大执行保护知识产权的力度，他们就能赢得更多的外汇投资。但是，这些富国意识到劝说起不了什么作用，他们也进行恐吓。l月15日，美国警告菲律宾和台湾，世界上的两大盗版中心，除非他们严格取缔盗版团伙，否则将取消他们的贸易特惠待遇。台湾的法务部长陈定难就誓言要根除台湾作为盗版者老巢的名声，但是盗版者们根本就在嘲笑他所做出的努力：在台湾大街小巷都可以买到新任詹姆士·邦德电影《择日而死》的盗版碟，上面明目张胆地写着嘲笑他的标题：”陈定南，有本事来抓我啊。“
超纲词汇
ambivalent adj.矛盾的，好恶相克的
clampdown n.压制，取缔
den n.兽穴，洞穴；（舒适的）私室（做学习或办公用）
multinational adj.／n.多国的，跨国公司的，多民族的；跨国公司
taunt vt.嘲弄，奚落
unscrupulous adj.肆无忌惮的，无道德的，不谨慎的
urn n.瓮，缸，骨灰瓮，坟墓，茶水壶
Uruguay n.乌拉圭
参考答案：1.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C
