2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（65）
发布时间：2012/11/2 13:02:11 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Common cold is a viral infection that starts in the upper respiratory tract，sometimes spreads to the lower structures，and may contribute secondary infections in the eyes or middle ears.The main differences between the #mon cold and other respiratory infections are the absence of fever and the relative mildness of the symptoms.
About 200 different strains of virus are capable of producing colds.Frequently two or more different viruses can be isolated during a single episode.The cold is spread by person-to-person contact.People can carry the virus and #municate it without themselves experiencing any of the symptoms.Incubation is short--usually one to four days.The viruses start spreading from an infected person before the symptoms appear，and the spread reaches its peak during the symptomatic phase.The incidence of colds peaks during the autumn，and minor epidemics #monly occur throughout the winter.The reason for this incidence is unknown；it may not stem mainly from stresses imposed by chilly weather but rather result from the greater amount of time spent indoors。which increases the likelihood of close contact with those persons carrying cold viruses.①
Pathologic changes occurring in the mucous membrane that lines the nose，the nasal sinuses，the nasopharynx，and other upper respiratory passages may include tissue swellin9，congestion of blood，and oozing of fluids.During the acute phase of the disease，the respiratory secretions are altered by increase in serum proteins.Parts of cells may also be found in the fluids.Tissue repair is rapid and seems #plete，although a relationship might exist between colds and more serious respiratory conditions.
Cold symptoms vary from person to person，but in the individual the same symp'toms tend to recur in succeeding bouts of infection.Manifestations may inolude sneezin9，headaches，fatigue，chillin9，sore fhroat，inflammation of the nose（rhinitis），and nasal discharge.There is usually no fever.The symptoms usually last for only a few days.The nasal discharge is the first warnin9.The secretions be#e watery，clear，and excessive.Later，they thicken，increase in mucus and pus content，and may colour fl yellow-green，with traces of blood.Coughing can be dry or produce amounts of mucus.Other， more serious diseases with similar general symptoms may be mistaken for a cold；some of these are tuberculosis，bronchitis，lung abscesses，and inflammation around the heart.
Treatment is，in most instances，directed toward allaying of symptoms，coupled with rest and adequate fluid intake.Occasionally antibiotics are given to prevent secondary infections. [411 words]
1.According to this passage，#mon cold is______.
A.flow hereditary disease
B.generally ac#panied with mild fever
C.a kind of popular respiratory infection
D.caused by spending fl lot of time outdoors in chilly weather
2.The second paragraph is written to mainly talk about______of colds.
A.the causes
B.the definition
C.the incubation
D.the spreading
3.It seems that the person______is most likely to catch clod.
A.having a mild fever for fl few days
B.carrying viruses capable of producing colds
C.spending most of his time indoors
D.spending most of his time outdoors
4.The underlined word recur in the 4th paragraph most probably means______.
A.refresh
B.regress
C.repeat
D.retreat
5.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Common cold is the first warning of bronchitis.
B.Tuberculosis is believed to have developed from #mon cold.
C.The application of antibiotics is the only effective means in the treatment of #mon cold. 难句透析
①The reason for this incidence is unknown；it may not stem mainly from stresses[imposed by chilly weather] but rather from the greater amount of time[spent indoors]，[which increases the likelihood of close contact with those persons（carrying cold viruses）].
【结构】本句由两个分句并列而成，之间用分号分开；“this incidence”指前一句中的“The incidence of colds”；代词“it”代替“this incidence”；由“which”引导的定语从句修饰“the greater amount of time”。
【释义】感冒发病率的高峰在秋季，其原因尚不清楚。可能主要并不在于寒冷的天气，而在于在户内呆的时间过长，增加了与感冒病毒携带者密切接触的可能性。
②Pathologic changes[occurring in the mucous membrane（that lines“the nose，the nasal sinuses，”the nas0— pharynx，and“other upper respiratory passages）]may include”tissue swelling，congestion of blood，and“oozing of fluids.
【结构】在本句中，主语是”Pathologic changes“；谓语是”may include“；方括号所标示的部分是现在分词短语，用做后置定语，修饰”Pathologic changes“；圆括号所标示的部分是由”that“引导的定语从句，修饰”the mucoust brane“；数字符号所标示的是并列结构。
【释义】鼻子、鼻窦、鼻咽和其他上呼吸通道的黏膜发生的病理变化可能包括：间质组织肿胀、充血和流鼻涕。
全文翻译
普通的感冒是由滤过性病毒感染引发的上呼吸道疾病，有时会蔓延至下部肌体组织，还有可能引发眼部和中耳的二次感染。普通感冒和其他呼吸道疾病最大的区别就在于普通感冒不会发烧且相对来讲症状较轻。
大约有200种不同的病毒体可能引发感冒。在单独一次感冒过程中经常可以辨识出两种或更多种类的病毒。感冒是通过人与人接触传染的。人类可能携带有病毒体并将其传播出去而不出现染病症状。潜伏期很短——通常就是1到4天。病毒通常在一个已经被感染的人发病之前就开始传染，并且在其发病时达到传染的高峰。感冒一般在秋季高发，而其他一些轻微传染病通常在冬季发生。感冒发病率的高峰在秋季，其原因尚不清楚。可能主要并不在于寒冷的天气，而在于在户内呆的时间过长，增加了与感冒病毒携带者密切接触的可能性。①
鼻子、鼻窦、鼻咽和其他上呼吸通道的黏膜发生的病理变化可能包括：间质组织肿胀、充血和流鼻涕。在感冒最重的时候，呼吸道分泌物的集中受血清蛋白增加的影响而改变。体液中也会发现部分细胞。组织恢复将会很迅速并且看上去很完整，但是感冒与更严重的呼吸道感染之间仍可能存在联系。
感冒的症状因人而异，但是每个个体的症状似乎在连续的感染过程中重复发生。症状可能有打喷嚏、头痛、疲劳、感冷、咽喉酸痛、鼻子发炎（鼻炎）以及流鼻涕等。通常情况下不会伴有发烧症状。流鼻涕就是第一次警告。此时的鼻涕多如水状、透明且量大。过后鼻涕会变得粘稠，粘液和脓水状成份增加，可能呈现黄绿色并伴有血丝。咳嗽可能只是干咳并带出口痰。其他一些更严重的病症通常也会出现这些症状而被误认为是感冒；其中包括肺结核、支气管炎、肺脓疮以及心周炎。
治疗方案通常都旨在减轻症状并配合好休息和饮用足量的水。有时会给予抗生素以防止二次感染的发生。
超纲词汇
Allay vt.减轻，减少
Bout n.一回，回合，较量
Bronchitis n.[医]支气管炎
congestion n.拥塞，充血
mucous adj.黏液的，黏液似的
Mucus n.黏液，胶
Nasopharynx n.[解]鼻咽
ooze v.渗出，泄漏
Pathologic adj.病理的，病态的
Pus n.脓，脓汁
Reeur vi.复发，重现，再来
Rhinitis n.[医]鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎
secretion n.分泌，分泌物（液）
serum n.浆液，血清，免疫血清
symptomatic adj.症状的，征兆的，表明…的症候
tubereulosis n.肺结核
viral adj.滤过性病毒的，滤过性病毒引起的
参考答案：1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D
