2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（69）
发布时间：2012/11/2 13:10:00 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Europeans suggest that the reason why so many work-life initiatives #e first from America is that American firms have more scope for improvement.Paid holidays there，for instance，are considerably shorter than in Europe.Flexible working and the occasional sabbatical may be the local alternative to Europe's longer annual leave，a one-off levelling of the non-pay elements of remuneration in the face of international #petition.
The introduction of flexible working，of itself，gives no guarantee that employees'work-life balance will improve.The same technology that enables them to work flexibly from home or on the road also prevents them from ever leaving their office.There are lots of people who choose to sleep close to their mobile phones and their BlackBerries.
Is the fashion for work—life balance here to stay?Plenty of #panies eschew such corporate programmes.Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia recently told employees to leave if they were not prepared to work weekends and long evenings over the #ing months for no extra reward.Sylvia Ann Hewlett，president of the Centre for Work-Life Policy in New York，says that many workers still have what she calls“extreme jobs”。Global responsibilities and“always on”#munications leave little room for balance.
Charles Handy，the author of several books on the changing nature of work，says that young workers today are increasingly“chunkin9”their lives.dividing them into discrete bits.These include work，parentin9，travelling and doing something #pletely different.He believes this marks a change in attitude that is slowly filtering down from elite knowledge workers to manufacturing employees.
Heavy lay-offs in the early t990s，mostly the result of enthusiasm for the ephemeral fad of re- engineerin9，changed attitudes to work.For many，downsizing sounded the death-knell for having a job for life.
Some go further，arguing that in the not—too-long term，the desire of global firms to entice the West's educated elite may disappear in a flash of enthusiasm for the graduates of India's and China's tertiary-education systems.Even today，less than one in five of the world's university graduates are whire men.
However，Liz Ramos，the partner at Bain&Company in charge of human capital.says that though employers are looking to India，it will be a while before India's business schools produce graduates #parable to those from Europe and America.Despite all the political heat it arouses，moving offshore satisfies only a small part of the demand skilled labour in developed economie8.
For some time to #e，talented people in the West will demand more from employers，｛#｝and clever employers will create new gewgaws to entice them to join.Those employers should note that for a growing number of these workers the most appealing gewgaw of all is the freedom to work as and when they please. [460 words]
1.Europeans admit that ______
A.flexible working will not necessarily improve work—life halance
B.Americans are more creative in promoting work-life balance
C.they are less initiative in many aspects than the Americans
D.flexible working is much better than longer annual leave
2.The author cites what Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia said to illustrate that ______.
A.the fashion for worklife balance has been fostered
B.most workers are still forced to work extremely hard
C.many #panies reject the programmes for work-life balance
D.global firms take heavy responsibilities for the world economy
3.The expression“moving offshore”in paragraph 7 refers to the fact that many global firms ______.
A.have moved out of American
B.have moved to both India and China
C.be#e interested in tertiary-education systems
D.are seeking talented people in developing countries
4.Liz Ramos argues that ______.
A.India's graduates can never be #parable to those from the West
B.global firms are most interested in India's business school graduates
C.global firms will not lose their desire to use the West's graduates very S00n
D.many employers will lose their desire to employ white men in the near future
5.In order to attract talented people in the West，employers should ______
A.give them more flexibility in their work schedule
B.create more gewgaws both appealing and original
C.1essen their interest in the graduates of India and China
D.have more trust in the business—education system in the West [NextPage] 难句透析
①Europeans suggest[-that the reason（why 80 many work-life initiatives #e first from America）is（that Ameri can firms have more scope for improvement）].
【结构】方括号所标示的“that the reason…for improvement”是“suggest”的宾语从句。圆括号所标示的“tha American firms…improvement”是其中的表语从句。
【释义】欧洲人认为，如此多的平衡工作与生活提议最先出现在美国是因为美国公司还有很大的改善空间。
②Flexible working and the occasional sabbatical may be the local alternative to Europe's longer annual leave，[one-off levelling of the non-pay elements of remuneration in the face of international #petition].
【结构】本句的主语是“Flexible working and the occasional sabbatical”，谓语动词是“may be”。方括号所标示的后置名词短语“a one-off levelling of…#petition”补充说明“the local alternative”。
【释义】面对国际竞争，弹性工作制和临时休假制度可能是美国选择的一种方案，与欧洲较长的年假相竞争。洲较长的年假是一次性的、不带薪的福利。
③Some go further，arguing[that in the not-too-long term，the desire of global firms to entice the West's edueatec elite may disappear in a flash of enthusiasm for the graduates of India's and China's tertiary-education systems].
【结构】本句的主句是“Some go further”。方括号所标示的“that…the desire…may disappear…systems”是现在分词“arguin9”的宾语从句。
【释义】另一些人更偏激，他们认为在不久的一段时间后，跨国公司引进西方高材生的热情就会消退。转而青睐亍印度和中国高等教育体制培养出来的毕业生。
④However，Liz Ramos，the partner at Bain＆Company in charge of human capital，says[that（though employer： are looking to India）。it will be a while（before India's business schools produce graduates<#parable to thos q from Europe and America）]].
【结构】方括号所标示的“that…it will be a while…Europe and America”是“says”的宾语从句；圆括号所标示雕“though employers are looking to India”是其中的让步状语从句；圆括号所标示的“before India's business schools…A merica”是其中的时间状语从句。尖括号所标示的形容词短语“#parable t0…America”是“graduates”的后置定语。
【释义】然而，贝恩公司负责人力资本的合伙人利斯·罗马斯称，尽管雇主对印度寄予厚望，但印度商学院想要培养出能力与欧美相媲美的大学毕业生还需要一段时间。
⑤Those employers should note[that for a growing number of these workers the most appealing gewgaw of all is thq freedom to work（as and when they please）].
【结构】方括号所标示的“that…the most appealing gewgaw…is the freedom…please”是“note”的宾语从句；圆括号所标示的“as and when they please”是其中的状语从句。
【释义】这些雇主应该明白，对于越来越多的这类工作人员来说，最具吸引力的条件是拥有根据个人喜好选择工作的自主权。[NextPage] 全文翻译
欧洲人认为，如此多的平衡工作与生活提议最先出现在美国是因为美国公司还有很大的改善空间。例如，美国的带薪假期比欧洲短得多。面对国际竞争，弹性工作制和临时休假制度可能是美国选择的一种方案，与欧洲较长的年假相竞争。欧洲较长的年假是一次性的、不带薪的福利。
引进弹性工作制本身无法保证雇员们工作与生活间的平衡将会改善。能够让人们在家或是在路上灵活工作的方式让他们永远不能离开他们的职责。比如，许多人会选择睡在离手机和电子秘书近的地方。
但改善工作一生活平衡的态势就此保持下去吗？大批公司选择避开此类计划。玛莎斯图尔特活力多媒体公司对雇员们表示：如果他们没有准备在接下来几个月的周末或晚上零报酬加班的话就卷铺走人。纽约工作一生活政策中心主席西尔维亚·安·惠勒特称许多工作者仍在从事她所谓的“极度工作”。全球职责和“整天在线”的沟通方式使得工作 生活平衡的可能性变小。
查尔斯·汉迪写过几本关于工作性质变化的书，他表示。现在的年轻工作者越来越“拼凑”自己的生活。将生活分成断续的许多小块。这些小块包括工作、养育子女、旅行以及做一些完全与众不同的事情。他认为这标志着一种认识上的变化，而这种变化正缓慢地从高端知识分子到手工业工人传递。
20世纪90年代初短暂的“业务流程再设计”运动导致了大规模的失业，而这也令人们改变了对工作的态度。对许多人来说，裁员听起来就像是丧钟，因为人们需要工作维持生计。
另一些人更偏激，他们认为在不久的一段时间后，跨国公司引进西方高材生的热情就会消退，转而青睐于印度和中国高等教育体制培养出来的毕业生。直到今天，全世界大学毕业生，5个人里只有不到1个是白种人。
然而，贝恩公司负责人力资本的合伙人利斯·罗马斯称，尽管雇主对印度寄予厚望，但印度商学院想要培养出能力与欧美相媲美的大学毕业生还需要一段时间。尽管移居海滨的风潮引发了巨大的政治热情，但这仅仅满足了发达国家对技能出众雇员需求的一小部分。
不久，西方才能出众的人才将会对他们的雇主提出更多要求，而聪明的雇主也会创造新的待遇条件以招揽人才。这些雇主应该明白，对于越来越多的这类工作人员来说，最具吸引力的条件是拥有根据个人喜好选择工作的自主权。
超纲词汇
Sabbatical n.（大学教师每七年一次的）休假年
Remuneratlon n.报酬，酬劳
eschew .避开
Gewgaw n.便宜货，华而不实的东西
tertiary adj.第三的，第三位的
EIiteTei .精英，精华，中坚
knell n.丧钟
Filter vi.渗入，慢慢传开
Ephemeral .生命短暂的
Fad n.时尚，一时流行的狂热，一时的爱好
one—off adj.一次性的
Entice vt.引诱
参考答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A
