2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（72）
发布时间：2012/11/2 13:15:02 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
What #es to mind when you hear the word“diversity”？Issues of race or gender may spring to mind.Equal rights?Or minority issues?
I encourage people to look at a much wider definition of the word.1 would tend to say diversity is“different—ness”in any form.A good example of this kind of diversity has been experienced by every person who ever left behind the #forts of home and moved into uncharted territory that is at once stimulatin9，curious，and estranging.Issues of diversity are informed not only by your cultural background and context，but also by your religion，age，field of work，family situation，sexual orientation，personality，and countless other factors that make us unique.Diversity affects everyone.
It's for this reason that diversity has be#e such a buzz word.The buzz happens because it's all about how you handle it.It's very much like the job a #poser has when creating a great musical #position.If the #poser understands what each unique note and dynamic mark is capable of in #bination with the other parts，the result achieved is extraordinary.o If，however，none of the parts is #municating with the others，we're left with a cacophony.
On a personal level.it's this understanding and acceptance of“the other”which rests at the core of diversity.Whether we're talking about navigating through a multicuhural urban environment or uprooting and moving to a new foreign social context，it is necessary to set aside rigid assumptions about“the other”and put oneself in the other's shoes.。So how do we make this leap?It's often as simple as asking questions and being careful not to assume that what you see is necessarily what the other side sees.
Often in my workshops I give a magic lesson to the audience to illustrate this principle.I first present the magic and ac#plish the“impossible”。The participants receive the same props but simply can't do it.We look more carefully at the situation and realize that the assumptions they made about it actually blocked them from achieving this feat；a feat they suddenly are empowered to do which， moments ago，was impossible.
The goal in being sensitive to diversity is to cultivate a culture of respect for people's differences and understand that such an environment is beneficial to everyone involved.
Diversity awareness is an evolution.We can't get there by snapping our fingers，and it isn't a matter of training people to have“textbook”politically correct attitudes.Instead it's a case of looking at the big picture of how we see the world，understanding why we see it that way，and making sure we do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it. [453 words]
1.The author asserts that diversity is ______.
A.universal
B.perplexing
C.convincing
D.extraordinary
2.Diversity is best be characterized by the fact that ______.
A.it affects everyone
B.everyone is unique
C.it involves countless factors
D.different—ness dominates the world
3.Diversity awareness can be raised most by ______.
A.having politically correct attitudes
B.moving to a new foreign social context
C.1earning to respect other people's differences
D.being sensitive to everything one experiences
4.The example of magic lesson is used to illustrate that ______.
A.nothing is impossible
B.magic is nothing but a feat
C.everyone can handle a magic
D.everyone can respect diversity
5.The author believes that ______.
A.diversity is like music
B.diversity is like a magic
C.diversity can hardly be defined
D.diversity originates from culture [NextPage] 难句透析
①A good example of this kind of diversity has been experienced by every person[who ever“left behind the #forts of home and moved into uncharted territory（that is at once stimulating，curious，and estranging）].
【结构】方括号所标示的”who ever left behind…estranging“是”person“的后置定语从句；其中有两个并列的谓语动词”left behind…“和”moved into…“。圆括号所标示的”that is…estranging“是”territory“的后置定语从句。
【释义】有一个典型的事例是，每个背井离乡，来到振奋人心的、令人好奇的、陌生的未知领地的人，都要体验这种差异性。
②[If the #poser understands（what each unique note and dynamic mark is capable of in #bination with the other parts）]，the result[achieved]is extraordinary.
【结构】方括号所标示的”If the #poser understands…other parts“是条件状语从句。圆括号所标示的”what each unique note…other parts“是”understands“的宾语从句。
【释义】如果作曲家理解每一个独特的音符和生动的记号与其他部分相结合所能产生的效果，那将取得不同寻常的成就。
③[Whether we're talking about”navigating through a muhicuhural urban environment or uprooting and moving to a new foreign social context]，it is necessary to set aside rigid assumptions about“the other”and“put oneself in the other's shoes].
【结构】方括号所标示的”Whether we're talking…or…social context“是让步状语从句；其中，两个并列的动名词短语”navigating…“和”uprooting and moving…“用做介词”about“的宾语。…it是主句的形式主语；方括号所标示的两个并列的动词不定式短语”to set aside…“和”put oneself…“是主句真正的主语。
【释义】无论我们正在讨论的是在多元文化的城市环境内驰骋，还是连根搬迁到全新的陌生社会环境，都必须抛弃对”他人“的固执想法，必须和他人紧密融合在一起。
④It's often as simple as”asking questions and being careful not to assume[that（what you see）is necessarily（what the other side sees）].
【结构】第二个“as”是连词，引导状语从句，其主语是两个并列的动名词短语“asking questions”和“being careful…”；其谓语“is simple”被省略。方括号所标示的“that what you…sees”是动词不定式“to assume”的宾语从句；圆括号所标示的“what you see”是其中的主语从句；“what the other side sees”是其中的表语从句。
【释义】这往往和提问一样简单，千万不要以为自己所想必然与别人所想一模一样。
⑤We“look more carefully at the situation and realize Ethat the assumptions（they made about it）actually blocked them from achieving this feat；a feat（they suddenly are empowered to do）（which，moments ago，was impossi— ble）].
【结构】 主句有两个并列的谓语动词”look“和”realize“。方括号所标示的”that the assumptions…actually blocked them…impossible“是”realize“的宾语从句；其中，分号后面的名词短语”a feat…impossible“补充说明其前面的”feat“。圆括号所标示的。they…d0”和“which…impossible”都是“feat”的后置定语从句。
【释义】我们更仔细地关注这个场景，就会意识到，他们对这个魔术的想法成了他们掌握这种技艺的障碍。几分钟之前还根本无从着手的技艺，他们突然就会了。
⑥Instead it's a case of“looking at the big picture of[how we see the world]，understanding[why we see it that way]，and making sure Ewe do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it].
【结构】用两个逗号和一个”and“连接的三个动名词短语”looking at…“，”understanding…“，和”making sure…“用做介词”of，的并列宾语。方括号所标示的“how we see the world”是介词“of”的宾语从句；“why we see it that way”是动名词“understanding”的宾语从句；“we do our part…it”是“making sure”的宾语从句。两个并列的动词不定式短语“to…value…”和“benefit…”用做状语。
【释义】其实，这件事涉及：需从我们如何观察世界这个大问题着眼。理解我们为什么那样看待世界，并切实保证我们能真正重视事物的差异并从中获益。
答案注释
1.根据第一段以及第二段第三、四句“Issues of diversity are informed not only…but als0…other factors… unique.Diversity affects everyone”可知，选项A应为答案。
2.根据第二段第二句“l would tend to say diversity is'different—ness'in any form”，以及第四句“Issues of diversity are informed…countless other factors that make us unique”可知，选项B应为答案。
3.根据最后一段第一句“Diversity awareness is an evolution”，以及最后一句“…making sure we do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it”可知，C应为答案。
4.根据第四段最后一句“It's often as simple as…other side sees”，以及第五段第一句“…I give a magic lesson …1n illustrate this principle”可知，选项D应为答案。
5.根据第三段，尤其其中的第三、四句“It's very much like thejob a #poser has…If the #poser understands …the result achieved is extraordinary”可知，选项A应为答案。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
听到“差异性”一词你会想到什么？可能会想到种族和性别问题。会想到平等权利问题吗？或者会想到少数民族问题吗？
对这个词的定义，我希望人们考虑更宽泛一些。我往往会说差异性就是任何形式的“差异”。有一个典型的事例是，每个背井离乡，来到振奋人心的、令人好奇的、陌生的未知领地的人，都要体验这种差异性。①差异性问题不仅体现于你的文化背景、环境，还体现于你的宗教信仰、年龄、职业、家庭状况、性取向、个性以及使你区别他人的数不胜数的其他因素。差异性影响着每个人。
正是这一原因使得差异性成了一个时髦的词。它之所以时髦是因为它取决于你如何对待它。这情形就像一个作曲家在刨作一首伟大的乐曲。如果作曲家理解每一个独特的音符和生动的记号与其他部分相结合所能产生的效果，那将取得不同寻常的成就。但如果各部分不能彼此很好的结合，我们听到的就是杂音。
以个人而言，理解并接受“他人”是差异性的核心。无论我们正在讨论的是在多元文化的城市环境内驰骋，还是连根搬迁到全新的陌生社会环境，都必须抛弃对“他人”的固执想法，必须和他人紧密融合在一起。那么，我们怎么跨越这一步呢？这往往和提问一样简单，千万不要以为自己所想必然与别人所想一模一样。
为阐明这一原则，我常在工作室给观众上一堂魔术课。我先表演这种魔术，完成“不可能”的事。参与者做同样的预备工作，但就是做不到。我们更仔细地关注这个场景，就会意识狲，他们对这个魔术的想法成了他们掌握这种技艺的障碍。几分钟之前还根本无从着手的技艺，他们突然就会了。
易感受差异性是为了培养一种尊重差异的文化氛围，并理解这种氛围对涉及的每个人都是有益的。意识差异性是一种演变。那不是单凭捻捻手指就能做到的，也不是培养人们掌握“经典的”政治正确的态度的问题。其实，这件事涉及：需从我们如何观察世界这个大问题着眼，理解我们为什么那样看待世界，并切实保证我们能真正重视事物的差异并从中获益。
超纲词汇
Uncharted 海图上未标明的，未知的，不详的
estrange vt.疏远，隔离
buzz n.嗡嗡声
dynamic adj.动力的，有活力的
cacophony n.不和谐的声音，刺耳的声音
uproot vt.连根拔起，根除
prop[prop]n.支持，支撑
empower vt.授权
snap vt.使劈啪地响
参考答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A
