2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（84）
发布时间：2012/11/2 13:29:33 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
National family planning movements have emphasized the right of the individual to determine family size as well as the contribution family planning can make to national and global population problems.Some methods of birth contr01.such as coitus interruptus and，in extreme cases，abortion，may involve110 person other than the individual or couple.But most methods require manufacture，distribution， promotion。counsellin9，and in some cases finaneial subsidy.
The retail trade in contraceptives has been a major element in the spread of contraception and remains important in the developing world.In particular，social marketing programs，which adjust prices to people's needs，have allowed governments to make contraceptives available to large numbers of people quickly and at affordable cost.Private doctors may advise patients about the use of birth control on a confidential basis and may charge a fee.
The first altruistic attempts to offer direct family planning services began with private，pioneering groups and often aroused strong opposition.The work of Sanger and Stopes reached only a small fraction of the millions of couples who in the 1920s and'30s lived in a world irrevocably altered by World War l， crushed by economic depression，and striving for the then lowest birth rates in history.In 1921 Sanger founded the American Birth Control League，which in 1942 became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.In Britain the Society for the Provision of Birth Control Clinics was to evolve into the Family Planning Association.As early as 1881 the British Malthusian League had brought together individuals from 40 nations to discuss birth control，and five genuinely international meetings had taken place by1930.A conference was held in Sweden in 1946.The first birth control clinic in India opened in 1930， and in l952 in Bombay，Margaret Sanger took the first steps toward creating what became the International Planned Parenthood Federation.
The modern era in international family planning opened in the second half of the l960s when governments，beginning with Sweden，gave money to support the worldwide work of the IPPF.William Draper lobbied with particular effectiveness in the United States to build up the IPPF and to put together the United Nations Fund for Population Activities（UNFPA），established in 1969.For several years the U.S.Agency for International Development helped to support the IPPF and the UNFPA.The United Nations held international conferences on population in Bucharest in 1974 and Mexico City in 1984.[403 words]
1.One may get advice personally about the proper methods of birth control from ______
A.IPPF
B.private doctors
C.soeial marketing programs
D.no person other than himself
2.The underlined word“altruistic”in the 3rd paragraph most probably means ______.
A.unselfish
B.official
C.confidential
D.impartial
3.As early as in the 19th century ______began to take up with birth contry.
A.the United Nations
B.the Family Planning Association
C.the British Malthusian League
D.the American Birth Control League
4.The earliest support to the development of IPPF was given by ______.
A.Margaret Sanger
B.William Draper
C.the Sweden government
D.the U.S.Agency for International Development
5.This passage is mainly about ______.
A.methods of birth control
B.family planning services
C.the modern era in international family planning
D.the International Planned Parenthood Federation[NextPage] 难句透析
①National family planning movements have emphasized the right of the individual to determine family size as well as“the contribution[family planning can make to national and global population problems].
【结构】 在本句中，由”as well as“连接的”the right…“和”the contribution…“是动词”have emphasized“的宾语；方括号所标示的部分是”the contribution“的后置定语从句。
【释义】一个国家的计划生育工作不仅强调计划生育对解决本国和全球人口问题所做的贡献，而且强调个人有权决定家庭的大小。
②The work of Sanger and Stopes reached only a small fraction of the millions of couples[who in the 1920s and 30s lived in a world（irrevocably”altered by World War l，crushed by economic depression，and striving for the then lowest birth rates in history）].
【结构】在本句中，方括号所标示的部分是由“who”引导的定语从句，修饰“the millions of couples”；圆括号所标示的部分是并列的过去分词和现在分词短语，用做后置定语，修饰“world”。
【释义】20世纪20、30年代，亿万夫妇生活在被第一次世界大战不可逆转地改变了的世界中，承受着经济萧条的重压，千方百计把人口出生率降低到历史上的最低水平。而他们之中仅有一小部分人能看到桑格夫人和斯托普斯的着作。
③William Draper lobbied with particular effectiveness in the United States“to build up the IPPF and”to put to gether the United Nations Fund for Population Activities（UNFPA），established in l969.
【结构】用“and”连接的两个，}列的动词不定式短语“to build up…”和“to put together…”用做目的状语。过去分词短语“established in l969”用做后置定语，修饰“the United Nations Fund for Population Activities”.
【释义】威廉·德拉伯在美国游说议员颇有成效，建立了国际计划生育联合会，并为1969年成立的联合国人口活动基金会（UNFPA）筹集资金。
全文翻译
一个国家的计划生育工作不仅强调计划生育对解决本国和全球人口问题所做的贡献，而且强调个人有权决定家庭的大小。一些计划生育的方法，比如中断性生活，甚至较极端的方法堕胎等，所涉及的可能仅仅只是一些个人或夫妻。但是多数方法都需要成型、宣传、推广、咨询并且有的情况下还需要经济资助。
在发展中国家，经销避孕用品一直都是传播避孕概念中的主要环节，并且这样的做法在今天仍然重要。特别是，在社会市场计划体制中，由于商品按照人们的需求定价，政府就可以使得相当多的人用上避孕用品，不仅及时且成本低廉。私人医生也可能会在保密的基础上建议他的病人采取计划生育措施，但他们的服务可能是要收费的。
最初本着为他人服务而提供的直接计划生育服务通常都是由领先的私人集团进行的，并且这些活动经常激起强烈的反对意见。20世纪20、30年代，亿万夫妇生活在被第一次世界大战不可逆转地改变了的世界中，承受着经济萧条的重压，千方百计把人口出生率降低到历史上的最低水平。而他们之中仅有一小部分人能看到桑格夫人和斯托普斯的着作。1921年，桑格夫人创办了美国计划生育联盟，并在1942年发展成为美国计划生育联合会。在英国，原来的计划生育临床预防学会也发展成为了计划生育协会。最早在1881年的时候，英国马尔萨斯主义联盟就曾召集来自40个国家的人们一起讨论计划生育问题，到1930年时已经召开了5次真正意义上的国际会议。1946年在瑞典又召开了一次同类会议。印度首个计划生育门诊在1930年创建，孟买也在1952年开始计划生育，玛格丽特·桑格迈出了创建日后成为国际计划生育联合会的组织的第一步。
当代国际计划生育的活动起始于20世纪60年代下半叶，也就是以瑞典政府起始的各国政府开始为国际计划生育联合会在世界范围内的活动提供资金支持。威廉·德拉伯在美国游说议员颇有成效，建立了国际计划生育联合会，并为1969年成立的联合国人口活动基金会（UNFPA）筹集资金。⑦多年以来，美国国际发展署一直在支持国际计制生育联合会和联合国人口活动基金会的活动。联合国也分别于l974年在布加勒斯特，l984在墨西哥城召开了人口问题会议。
超纲词汇
abortion n.流产，堕胎
affordable a彩。买得起的，担负得起的
Bombay n.孟买
Bucharest n.布加勒斯特
Coitus n.交媾，性交
Federation n.同盟，联邦，联合
lobby vi.游说议员
Malthusian adj.马尔萨斯主义的
Parenthood n.父母身份，亲子关系
参考答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B
