2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（86）
发布时间：2012/11/2 13:31:31 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
The idea that women are hunting for rich husbands while men choose wives for their beauty is a long way from the truth，suggests a new study.
While some celebrity marriages may fit this pattern，most men and women are seeking a mate who is similar to them in qualities such as in#e，beauty，and desire to have children.①
The new study flouts the traditionally accepted views that，to maximise our ability to reproduce， men are seeking youn9，attractive women who are likely to hear them children while wonlen are seeking older，successful men who have the resources to support and protect their young.
“Our results fly in face of these studies，”says Stephen Emlen，a behavioural ecologist at Cornell University·who conducted the study with Peter Buston， now at the University of California， Santa Barbara.
Buston and Emlen's study suggests most men and women in Western soeiety look for partners with qualities on a par with their own. Attractive females， for example， are much more likelv to seek a similarly healthy and good—looking mate than a rich one. And wealthy males are more likelv to seek a rich wife than a pretty one.
Unions of“like”individuals are more advantageous from an evolutionary perspective，says Emlen， because they are more stable.This is beneficial because humans require long—term relationships both to produce a lot of children and to ensure that they survive to adulthood.③
The researchers gave questionnaires to almost l000 men and women aged l8 t0 24.The volunteers were first asked to rank the desirability of loattributes in a long-term partner，and then rank themselves on the same loattributes.④Analysing the results，Buston and Emlen found a consistent match between the qualities ranked as highly desirable in a partner and in an individual themselves.
The new study confirms that before setting out to search for a mate，people assess their own assets and then look for a mate“in their league”。The implication， says Emlen， is that long and happy marriages are most likely for couples sharing similar values，education，physical appearance and intellectual interests.
Choosing a partner with far superior qualities would risk a future breakup，because such a Dartner would eventually be tempted away by a higher quality mate.
However，Robin Dunbar，an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Liverpool，UK，warns against oversimplifying human mate choice.“It like a poker game，”he says. “You have to halance vour preferences against those of your partner and the other players in the game.[419 words]
1.It is generally believed that______
A.every person is seeking a healthy mate
B.most women are seeking wealthy husbands
C.few men choose wives only for their beauty
D.only attractive women have good—looking husbands
2.According to the traditional view，______
A.young women tend to hunt for older men
B.only older men are able to support their children
C.attractive women are likely to bear more children
D.the ability to reproduce proves the success of a marriage
3.The new study conducted by Buston and Emlen______.
A.100ks down upon the traditionally accepted views
B.puts forward a consistent pattern for mate seeking
C.is a breakthrough in the development of sociology
D.argues for unions of individuals with similar attributes
4.Robin Dunbar suggests that______
A.a wealthy male should seek a rich w.ife
B.couples with similar attributes tend to 1ive happily
C.oversimplifying should be avoided in mate seeking
D.an attractive woman should marry a good-looking man
5.It can be inferred from the text that______.
A.opposites do not attract in mating game
B.everyone desires to seek a higher quality mate
C.beauty is the most desirable quality for everyone
D.attractive women rarely marry good—looking men [NextPage] 难句透析
①While some celebrity marriages may fit this pattern，most men and women are seeking a mate[who is similar to them in qualities such as in#e，beauty，and desire to have children].
【结构】方括号所标示的“who is similar to them…children”是“mate”的后置定语从句。
【释义】虽然某些名人婚姻可能符合该模式，但大多数男人和女人都在寻找条件与其相似的配偶，比如：收入、外貌和想要孩子心愿的强烈程度等。
②The new study flouts the traditionally accepted views[that，to maximise our ability to reproduce，“men are see king youn9，attractive women（who are likely tO bear them children）while women are seeking older。successful men（who have the resources to support and protect their young）].
【结构】方括号所标示的”that…men are seekin9…youn9“是”views“的同位语从句；这个从句是由”while“：接的两个分句组成的并列句。圆括号所标示的”who are…children“是”women“的后置定语从句。圆括号所标：的”who have…youn9“是”men“的后置定语从句。
【释义】这项新研究对传统观点不屑一顾。按照传统观点，为了最大限度提高繁衍能力，男人寻找年轻、漂亮、能为其生孩子的女人；而女人寻找年龄较大、有能力抚养并保护下一代的成功男人。 ③This is beneficial because humans require long term relationships both”to produce a lot of children and to en sure（that they survive tO adulthood）].
【结构】方括号所标示的“because humans require…adulthood”是原因状语从句。用“both…and…”连接l两个动词不定式短语用做目的状语。圆括号所标示的“that they survive to adulthood”是动词不定式“to ensure”的宾语从旬。
【释义】这自然有益，因为人需要维系长期关系，既可多生育孩子，又可保证孩子成长成人。
④The volunteers were first asked“to rank the desirability of 10 attributes in a long-term partner，and then rar themselves on the same lo attributes.
【结构】用逗号和”and“连接的两个动词不定式短语并列，用做状语。第二个动词不定式”rank“前省略了”to“。
【释义】首先请受访者把他们希望自己的长期伴侣所具备的十大条件按其意愿强烈程度高低排序，然后再把本，具备这十大条件的情况排序。
⑤[Choosing a partner with far superior qualities]would risk a future breakup， because such a partner would e ventually be tempted away by a higher quality mate].
【结构】 方括号所标示的动名词短语”Choosing a partner…qualities“用做主语。方括号所标示的”because such a partner would…mate“是原因状语从句。
【释义】选择一个条件优越得多的伴侣，要冒将来可能分手的风险，因为这样的伴侣最终可能禁不住条件更好的人的诱惑而离开。
答案注释
1.根据上下文可知，第一段中所说的”The idea that women are hunting for rich husbands…“暗指人们通常的看 法，所以，选项B应为答案。
2.根据第三段中的”…the traditionally accepted views that，to maximise our ability tO reproduce，…“可知，选项 D应为答案。
3.根据第五段”Buston and Emlen'S study suggests most men and women in Western society look for partners wit qualities on a par with their own…“，以及第六段第一句”Unions of like individuals are more advantageou from an evolutionary perspective…because they are more stable“可知，选项D应为答案。
4.根据最后一段”However，Robin Dunbar…warns against oversimplifying human mate choice.…“可知，选项I 应为答案。
5.第六段点明了本文的基本观点”Unions of'like'individuals are more advantageous from an evolutionary perspec tive…because they are more stable.This is beneficial…“。所以，选项A应为答案。[NextPage] 全文翻译
女人钓金龟婿，男人觅美貌妻的说法远非事实，这种说法引起了一项新研究。
虽然某些名人婚姻可能符合该模式，但大多数男人和女人都在寻找条件与其相似的配偶，比如：收入、外貌和想要孩子心愿的强烈程度等。
这项新研究对传统观点不屑一顾。按照传统观点，为了最大限度提高繁衍能力，男人寻找年轻、漂亮、能为其生孩子的女人；而女人寻找年龄较大、有能力抚养并保护下一代的成功男人。
康奈尔大学的行为生态学家斯蒂芬·埃姆伦与加利福尼亚大学圣塔芭芭拉分校的彼得·巴斯顿合作进行了这项研究，他说，“我们得到的结果与这些研究恰恰相反。”
巴斯顿和埃姆伦的研究表明，西方社会的大多数男人和女人会寻找与自己品质对等的伴侣。例如，长相吸引人的女子可能会寻觅与自己同样健康、漂亮，而不一定富有的男子。富有的男子则往往会找寻富有的，而不一定貌美的妻子。
埃姆伦说，从进化的观点看，相似的个体结合更有利，因为这样的结合更稳定。这自然有益，因为人需要维系长期关系，既可多生育孩子，又可保证孩子成长成人。
研究人员给将近1000个18—24岁的男女发了调查问卷。首先请受访者把他们希望自己的长期伴侣所具备的十大条件按其意愿强烈程度高低排序，然后再把本人具备这十大条件的情况排序。经过分析，巴斯顿和埃姆伦发现，每个受访者希望伴侣具有的称心的品质和他自己所有的品质相匹配。
这项新研究证实，寻找伴侣前，人们会先估量自己的优点，然后寻找一个与其“同种类型”的伴。埃姆伦说，这意味着如果夫妻的价值观、教育背景、长相及精神追求相似，他们往往能拥有长久而幸福的婚姻。
选择一个条件优越得多的伴侣，要冒将来可能分手的风险，因为这样的伴侣最终可能禁不住条件更好的人的诱惑而离开。
不过，英国利物浦大学的进化心理学家罗宾·邓巴告诫人们不要把人类择偶看得过分简单。他说：“那就像一场扑克牌游戏，你要把自己的优势与伴侣及其他游戏者的优势权衡考虑。”
超纲词汇
Flout vt.轻视，蔑视
fly in face of公然违抗
on a par with perp.和…同等，等于
league n.同盟，联合会，社团
参考答案：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A
