2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（95）
发布时间：2012/11/6 14:08:37 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
The best solution is to stop pretending that people's personal information，such as Social Security account numbers and birth dates， constitutes a universal secret password.①The phrase“universal secret”is an oxymoron.For online business transactions，the consumer must be allowed to use a password of his own creation and have procedures in place for changing these passwords in case of suspected #promise.
Any Computer Science student worth his salt will tell you not to use your Social Security account number or birth date as a password.Why allow financial institutions and government agencies to do something in your stead that you're advised not to do for yourself?
There's also an answer to the problem of criminals fraudulently opening new accounts：states should pass laws that make institutions verify a person's residence before establishing any form of new credit. As things stand now，criminals can often contact financial insti'tutions via the phone or the InternetI pretend to be you by knowing a few pieces of your personal data，and establish a credit line.Financial institutions should be required t0“physically contact”customers to establish identification.Obviously, this could be done through having potential customers #e in for face-to-face meetings，but it could als0 be done via the use of mail，perhaps certified.
There are constitutionally allowable measures that can be enacted at the federal level to reduce ID fraud.Federal politicians，in a like manner to state ones，should consider submitting bills calling for all federal agencies to immediately cease using Social Security account numbers and birth dates as universal passwords.o
Congress should also take steps to employ only the most rigorously scrupulous employees, eliminating hiring practices that include non-job—relevant hiring preferences and to hire employees based only on job-relevant criteria，such as their ability to do the job and their loyalty to the United States of America.
Congress should also take steps to enforce our immigration laws by deporting all illegal immigrants—— especially those who have worked their way into our information infrastructure.If they're dishonest enough to be here in violation of our immigration laws，they're probably a high risk for doing somethiN dishonest with American citizens'personal data.Congress also needs to review the impact of our current immigration laws that allow large numbers of foreigners，even some from terrorist-exporting nations,tO #e into our country legally，via such programs as Hl and Ll and be#e part of our information infrastructure.
Without appropriate action，ID fraud as we know it today may be#e a mere steppingstone on a course to even greater abuses of consumers by large #panies that are politically well-connected.[435 words]
1.The author argues that people's personal information______.
A.may be suspected as a #promise
B.may serve as a temporary password
C.can hardly be a universal secret password
D.should not be disclosed to any institutions
2.By sayin9“someone worth his salt”the author refers to someone______.
A.doing his job well
B.much knowledgeable
C.deserving more credit
D.ordinary and industrious
3.In the face of criminal's fraudulent behavior，financial institutions should______.
A.verify the identification of the customers physically
B.make contact with the potential customers via phone
C.pay a visit to the residence of each customer at intervals
D.keep in touch with their customers frequently by all means
4.The high risk for the fraudulent use of personal data roots in______.
A.the hiring practices prevailing in the U.S.
B.the lack of effective preventive measures
C.the enforcement of current immigration laws
D.financial institutions and government agencies
5.The author points out in the text that ID fraud______.
A.increases as a result of the rampant terrorist activities
B.will inevitably lead to even greater abuses of customers
C.can be remarkably reduced by adopting decisive measures
D.occurs predominantly among immigrants from poor nations [NextPage] 难句透析
①The best solution is[to stop pretending（that people'S personal information，such as Social Security accounl numbers and birth dates，constitutes a universal secret password）].
【结构】方括号所标示的动词不定式短语“to stop…secret password”用做表语。圆括号所标示的“that people's personal information…secret password”用做动名词“pretendin9”的宾语从句。
【释义】不要自认为人们通常都用个人信息，比如社会保险账号和出生日期，当做通用密码。这才是解决问题的最佳途径。
②Federal politicians，in a like manner to state ones，should consider[submitting bills（calling for all federal agen— cies（to immediately cease using Social Security account numbers and birth dates as universal passwords>）].
【结构】“in like manner”的意思是“同样地”；“state”是形容词，意思是“正式的”；“0nes”指“manners”。方括号所标示的动名词短语“submitting bills…universal passwords”用做谓语动词“consider”的宾语。圆括号所标示的现在分词短语“calling for…universal passwords”用做“bills”的后置定语。尖括号所标示的动词不定式短语“tO imme— diately cease…universal passwords”用做现在分词“calling for…”的宾语补足语。
【释义】联邦政治家应该考虑，就如同各州的政治家们一样，提交议案，呼吁所有联邦机构马上停止使用社会保险账号和出生日期当做通用密码。
③Congress should also take steps to employ only the most rigorously scrupulous employees，[eliminating hiring practices（that include non-job—relevant hiring preferences）]and to hire employees[based only on joh-relevant cri— teria，such as their ability tO do the job and their loyalty tO the United States of America].
【结构】用“and”连接的两个并列的动词不定式短语“tO employ…”和“tO hire…”用做目的状语。方括号所标示的现在分词短语“eliminating hiring practices…preferences”在第一个动词不定式短语“to employ…”中用做补充说明状语，其中，圆括号所标示的“that include…preferences”用做“practices”的后置定语从句。方括号所标示的过去分词短语“based only on…”在第二个动词不定式短语“to hire…”中用做状语。
【释义】国会还应采取措施。只聘用办事最认真的雇员。聘用雇员时，绝不涉及与工作无关的因素，只依据与工作相关的标准，比如从事该项工作的能力以及对美国的忠诚程度等。
④Congress also needs tO review the impact of our current immigration laws[that allow large numbers of foreign— ers，even some from terrorist exporting nations，tO #e into our country legally via such programs as Hl and Ll and 2'be#e part of our information infrastructure].
【结构】 方括号所标示的“that allow large numbers…infrastructure”用做“laws”的后置定语从句；其中，用“and”连接的两个并列的动词不定式短语“to #e int0…”和“be#e…”用做谓语动词“allow”的宾语补足语。
【释义】 目前的移民法允许大量外国人，甚至包括来自恐怖主义分子输出国的人，通过Hl和Ll程序合法进入我们国家，并且成为我们国家基础信息设施的组成部分。国会还需对其产生的影响进行评估。
⑤Without appropriate action，ID fraud Eas we know it today]may be#e a mere steppingstone on a course to even greater abuses of consumers by large #panies[that are politically well—connected].
【结构】方括号所标示的“as we know it today”用做插入语，把主语“ID fraud”和谓语动词“may be#e”分割开来。方括号所标示的“that are politically well—connected”用做“#panies”的后置定语从句
【释义】如果不采取适当措施，正如今天我们所知那样，身份诈骗起码可能变成一种手段，有政治背景的大公司进而更变本加厉地借以蒙骗消费者。
答案注释
1.根据第一段前两句“The best solution is to stop pretending that people's personal information…constitutes a universal secret password.The phrase universal secret'is an oxymoron”可知，选项C应为答案。
2.根据第二段第一句“Any Computer Science student worth his salt will tell you not to use your Social Security fie— count number or birth date as a password”可知，此旬中的“Computer Science student worth his salt”指名副其实的“学习计算机科学的学生”。所以，选项A应为答案。
3.根据第三段最后两句“Financial institutions should be required t0'physically contact'customers to establish identification.Obviously，this could be done through having potential customers #e in for face－t0—face meetings…”可知，选项A应为答案。
4.根据第三、四、五段中所提到的可以采取的各种措施，可知，现在个人信息被盗用的高风险的根源在于缺乏行之 有效的预防措施，所以，选项B应为答案。
5.作者在第三、四、五段指出了为大幅度减少“ID fraud”可以采取的各种措施，所以，选项C应为答案。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
不要自认为人们通常都用个人信息，比如社会保险账号和出生日期，当做通用密码。这才是解决问题的最佳
途径。①“通用密码”这样的说法其实是自相矛盾的。当顾客想要在线交易的时候，必须允许他们有权创建自己的密码，同时也应设置程序，允许顾客在怀疑密码被破解时来修改密码。
只要是认真学习过计算机技术的学生都会告诉你千万不要用自己的社会保险账号或者出生日期作为密码。
那么为什么允许金融机构或者政府机关做这种奉劝你别做的事呢？
对于犯罪分子以欺诈目的开设新账户的危险，也有一种解决方案：州政府应当通过法案，要求机构在为个人建立信用档案之前必须核实其住址。但就目前的情况而言，犯罪分子仍然可以通过电话或者互联网与金融机构取得联系，通过他掌握的关于你个人的零碎的信息就可以建立一套信用记录。金融机构应该“实地接触”客户之后，才能建立个人记录。显然，这样的操作只要通过通知客户到金融机构运营点面谈即可完成，但是这样做也不能避免通过邮件，甚至是获得认证的邮件所进行的欺诈。
就宪法本身而言，也有可以面向联邦级别机构实施的条款来减少身份欺诈。联邦政治家应该考虑，就如同各州的政治家们一样，提交议案，呼吁所有联邦机构马上停止使用社会保险账号和出生日期当做通用密码。②
国会还应采取措施，只聘用办事最认真的雇员。聘用雇员时，绝不涉及与工作无关的因素，只依据与工作相关的标准，比如从事该项工作的能力以及对美国的忠诚程度等。
国会还应该采取措施以强化移民法，将非法移民递解出境——特别是那些已经想方设法钻入我们信息架构内部的人员。如果他们都能无视我们的移民法偷渡入境的话，那么可想而知他们也有可能对美国公民的个人信息采取极不负责的行动。目前的移民法允许大量外国人，甚至包括来自恐怖主义分子输出国的人，通过Hl和Ll程序合法进入我们国家，并且成为我们国家基础信息设施的组成部分。国会还需对其产生的影响进行评估。④
如果不采取适当措施，正如今天我们所知那样，身份诈骗起码可能变成一种手段，有政治背景的大公司进而更变本加厉地借以蒙骗消费者。⑤
超纲词汇
oxymoron n.[语]（修辞中的）矛盾修饰法
fraudulently 欺骗性地，欺诈性地
enact 制定法律，颁布
scrupulous adj.小心谨慎的，细心的
deport vt.驱逐出境
violation 违反，违背
infrastructure 基本设施
参考答案：1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C
