2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（99）
发布时间：2012/11/6 14:13:38 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Directions：
In the following text，some sentences have been removed.For Questions l-5，choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the blanks.
In America today，education is the main key to success.The in#e gap between the college educated vs.non-college-educated is almost 70 percent.
But as a recent issue of“The Economist”magazine pointed out，there is a“paradox at the heart of a new meritocracy.”
（1） ______.Why so few from the bottom half?According to the report，American schools are j ust not doing a good job of educatin9，testing and preparing students，especially underprivileged children.And it is a cycle--educated parents are doing a pretty good job of giving their children the educational tools they need——and the class discrepancy gets wider.
These are enormous issues.（2） ______.The Brookings Institution hosted a forum to discuss the new book“Equity and Excellence in American Education”，co-authored by William G.Bowen，Martin A.Kurzweil，and Eugene M.Tobin，a few months ago which provided a window into the difficult choices educators face as they try to level the playing field.
Take the #ments of Sandy Ungar，president of Goucher College in Baltimore.The college recentlv cut back merit—based financial aid to increase need-based financial aid.
（3） ______.But Ungar said that college should not be seen as j ust another #modity one bargains for.“How do we deal with the very real need to address this access for lower-in#e groups while we have this extraordinary pressure from people wh0，to a considerable extent，can well afford to pay or can manage to Pav and are not willing to do so?”
To go back to square one--what can be done to help level the playing field?
The authors of“Equity and Excellence in American Education‘，found that selective colleges really are need-blind when it #es to in#e--low-in#e white child with similar scores to an upper- middle-class white child is not treated any better or worse when it #es to admissions.④（4） ______.
To level the playing field。they advocate some bold measures--they urge”selective“institutions to Drovide”at least a modes／admissions advantage to students from low socioeconomic backgrounds“，as well as to continue race-sensitive admissions.
（5） ______.As educators wrestle with these difficult issues，the facts remain.The gap between college and non- college folks'earnings is almost 70 percent.If college is the leg up in today's economy，what sacrifices should be made by families，colleges，and students to ensure the equity and excellence in American education.
[A]And if the low-in#e child is accepted，he or she does not under-perform academically.
[B]Almost half of American students attend #munity colleges，but in over 30 top private schools， ”fewer than l in l，000 students started at a #munity college.“
[C]Ungar got calls from parents，some in the top earnings bracket，who questioned why their children were not receiving the merit aid.Some folks would say these children have worked hard in school and have earned it.
[D]Others are also wondering how to make state universities more”representative“of their state—a former professor at the University of Vermont related that in l995，the median student family in#e was$102，O00～but the state median in#e was$29，000.
[E]In America，s most selective colleges，only 3 percent of students #e from the bottom quarter in in#e，and only l o percent #e from the bottom half of the in#e bracket.
[F]But University of Pennsylvania President Amy Gutmann countered that a proposal that concentrates on aid to low-in#e families risks forgetting the middle-in#e families who also increasingly need help to pay for the high COSTS of college.
[G]But in the meantime，what are folks in the university system attempting to do to make college more accessible to lower-in#e，and equally important，middle-in#e students? [NextPage] 难句透析
①And“it is a cycle—educated parents are doing a pretty good job of giving their children the educational tools[they need]--and”the class discrepancy gets wider.
【结构】本句是由“and”连接的两个分句并列而成的并列句。破折号之间的部分是对第一个分句的补充说明。方括号所标示的后置定语从句修饰“tools”。“they”指“children”。
【释义】而且，这是一个循环，受过教育的父母能让自己的子女获得他们所需要的良好教育，从而进一步增大了社会阶层之间的差异。
②How do we deal with the very real need to address this access for lower-in#e groups[while we have this ex— traordinary pressure from people（wh0，tO a considerable extent，can well afford tO pay or can manage tO pay and are not willing to do so）]?
【结构】本句是“How”引导的疑问句。方括号所标示部分是状语从句，圆括号所标示的后置定语从句修饰“pe0ple”。
【释义】很大程度上说来，有些人支付上大学的费用毫不费力，或者能设法解决上大学的费用，但是他们却不想支付。这些人对我们造成了极大的压力。为了帮助低收入群体上大学，我们应如何解决他们对助学金的这种真实需求呢？
③The authors of“Equity and Excellence in American Education”found[that selective colleges really are“need— blind”（when it #es to in#e）--low-in#e white child with similar scores to an upper-middle-class white child is not treated any better or worse（when it #es to admissions）].
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是“found”的宾语从句；其中破折号后面的部分是对“selective colleges really are” need—blind“when it #es to in#e”的补充说明。两个圆括号所标示的部分都是状语从句。
【释义】《平等和卓越的美国教育》一书的作者认为，就收入来说，非社区的大学对学生的需求毫不了解；招生时，如果低收入家庭的孩子与中上阶层家庭的孩子考分相近，则完全同样对待。
全文翻译
在现在的美国，教育是通向成功的钥匙。受过大学教育和未受过大学教育的人的收入差距差不多达到了70％。但正如最近一期《经济学家》杂志所指出的，在“新兴的知识界精英圈中存在着一个核心上的矛盾”。 （1） ____________为什么收入中下层的人家来的孩子那么少？根据一份报告的观点，美国的学校目前在教育、测试以及培养学生方面都做得不够好，对无权无势的孩子就更是如此。而且，这是一个循环，受过教育的父母能让自己的子女获得他们所需要的良好教育，从而进一步增大了社会阶层之闯的差异。①
有待解决的问题数量庞大。（2） ____________几个月之前，布鲁金斯学院针对威廉·G·鲍文，马丁·A-科兹威尔和尤金·M·托宾合着的《平等和卓越的美国教育》一书专门举办了研讨会，该举措为在试图平衡竞争环境而面临艰难抉择的教育者们打开了一扇希望之窗。
就拿最近围绕位于巴尔的摩的Goucher学院院长桑迪·安伽的纷争来说，这所学院最近减少了对成绩优异的学生的资助，转而增加了对确实有需要的学生的资助。
（3） ____________但安卡认为，学员不应被视为是一件人人可以讨价还价的商品。“很大程度上说来，有些人支付上大学的费用毫不费力，或者能设法解决上大学的费用，但是他们却不想支付。这些人对我们造成了极大的压力。为了帮助低收入群体上大学，我们应如何解决他们对助学金的这种真实需求呢？”
让我们回到追求平等的第一步——到底要做些什么才能使得竞争环境相对平等？
《平等和卓越的美国教育》一书的作者认为，就收入来说，非社区的大学对学生的需求毫不了解；招生时，如果低收入家庭的孩子与中上阶层家庭的孩子考分相近，则完全同样对待。③（4） ____________要平衡竞争环境，他们提出了一些大胆的建议——他们敦促“选择性”学校对“来自较低社会经济背景的学生提供至少适度的入学优先权”，与此同时也并不中断对种族问题相当敏感的入学方法。
（5） ____________当教育者们就这些困难的抉择争论不休时，事实仍然未曾发生改变。受过大学教育和未受大学教育的人的收入差距差不多还是70％。如果受大学教育是促进今天经济增长的原因之一，那么家庭、学校和学生都应该各做什么样的牺牲来确保美国教育的平等与卓越呢？
[A]如果低收入家庭的孩子入学，那么他或她的学术能力不会比高收人家庭的孩子低。
[B]差不多近半数的美国学生上了社区大学，但是在排名前30的高等学府里，“从社区学院起步的学生l000个之 中还不到一个。”
[C]安卡因此接到不少来自高收入家庭的家长们的电话，质疑他们的孩子为什么拿不到优异资助。有人称这些孩 子们是通过自己的努力而理应获得这些资助的。
[D]其他人正在思考如何使州立大学更能“代表”本州的实际——佛蒙特大学的一位教授在1995年时做过这样的 评论，大学生平均家庭收入为102000美元一但是本州平均家庭收入仅为29000美元。
[E]在美国对学生入学最具选择性的学校里，只有3％的学生是来自家庭收入位列倒数四分之一的家庭的，而且也 仅有l0％的学生来自于收入位于中下层的家庭。
[F]但是宾夕法尼亚大学的校长埃米·加特曼就反对那种只注重资助低收入家庭的提议，他认为那种做法就完全 忽略了现在中等收入家庭也面临着支付日益高昂的学费的困扰。
[G]但是与此同时，那些身处高校系统中的人又正在为低收入家庭以及中等收入家庭的那些同等重要的孩子们更 方便地进入高校而做些什么呢？
超纲词汇
Meritocracy n.知识界精华
square adj.公平的，结清的，彻底的
wrestle vi.摔跤，格斗，斗争，斟酌
参考答案：1.E 2.G 3.C 4.A 5.F
