2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（102）
发布时间：2012/11/6 14:17:27 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
There is more than enough ethical mud in genetics of l998 to keep physicians，lawyers，scientists and bioethicists on guard.①A majority are unaware of the progress made in routine and exotic genetics， and most are caught off guard by each new technology.o At the same time.in the United States most scientists receive no more than a few hours training in ethics，most physicians take no training in genetics，and it was revealed in l997 that less than 16％of those who received a prominent genetic tests for susceptibility to cancer were counseled about the choice.④The first time most families in the West learn about the practical issues in genetic testing is when a friend or relative needs a test urgently during pregnancy.To make matters worse，apart from bioethics conferences there is still virtually no #mon public or scientific international conversation about gene therapy，reproductive rights，or genetic patentin9.You might think it is a bad time to look ahead to the next century.After all。there is more than enough work to do now：bioethics must be folded into the high sch001 curriculum.Genetics education must be required for every physician，ethics training for every young scientist，and reproductive issues training should be given to every minister and politician.These are issues for today.With our attention focused on the technology of the month（in l997 these included cloned sheep and monkeys， babies from frozen eggs，headless frog embryos，a 63 year-old mother，sperm from dead men，and septuplets）we seldom take the time to ac#plish even these contemporary objectives.Bioethics is growing quickly but it is unlikely to catch up with science.In such a world it is difficult to spend time forecasting or critiquing future utopias.
However，if the problems of today and the need to remember historical atrocities in genetics are important，it is just as critical to plan ahead.The next 100 years will see changes more dramatic than the20th century，which saw the creation of molecular genetics，the rise and fall of eugenics，and the creation of a U.S.and international human genome mapping effort.It is time，I believe。to use some imagination to think about what might #e to be in the world of genetics in the next l00 years.Only by looking at the long-term out#es of our current genetic research will we see the #pelling need to confront the most basic questions posed by genetic medicine.And，in any event，it has not escaped the attention of this author that it is no more dangerous to exercise a little imagination about our future than it is dangerous to fail to be prescient about possible surprises。such as human clonin9.[452 words]
1.Most people the prominent development in genetics______.
A.tend to reject
B.are glad to see
C.are not well prepared for
D.are well prepared for
2.Most physicians______.
A.are not susceptible to cancer
B.are good at advanced genetic tests
C.are considered to be lack of knowledge in genetics
D.are believed to be knowledgeable in genetics
3.It is pointed OUt in this passage that______.
A.any pregnant woman needs urgent genetic test
B.even scientific society does not pay enough attention to ethical issues in genetics
C.the development of bioethics is faster than we can imagine
D.most people are extremely concerned about their reproductive rights
4.The author believes that______.
A.there are more ethical issues in genetics than we can deal with
B.most people have little to do with the achievement in genetics
C.it is not a proper time to plan ahead for the next 100 years
D.nobody knows for sure what we have achieved in the development of genetics
5.According to this passage，the possible changes in genetics in the near future.
A.it is out of the question to predict
B.it is not so difficult to forecast
C.it is dangerous to fail to forecast
D.it is advisable to think about
超纲词汇
Atrocity n.残暴
Ethical 与伦理有关的，民族的，民族特有的
eugenics n.优生学
Prescient adj.预知的，预见的
Septuplet 七胞胎中之一个
susceptibility n.易感性
Utopia n.乌托邦，理想的完美世界 [NextPage] 参考答案：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D
难句透析
①There is more than enough ethical mud in genetics of l998[to keep physicians，lawyers，scientists and bioethi cists on guard.
【结构】方括号所标示的动词不定式短语是“ethical mud”的后置定语。on guard：在岗，警惕。
【释义】1998年遗传学出现了过多的伦理道德难题，引起了医生、律师、科学家和生物伦理学家的警觉。
②A majority are unaware of the progress[made in routine and exotic genetics]，and most are caught off guard by each new technology.
【结构】本句是由“and”连接的两个分旬组成的并列句。方括号所标示的过去分词短语是“the progress”的后置定语。0ff guard：不提防，丧失警惕。
【释义】多数人没有意识到普通遗传学和特异遗传学所取得的进步，大多数人面对每项新技术感到惶惶然，不知所措。
③At the same time，in the United States“most scientists receive no more than a few hours training in ethics，”most physicians take no training in genetics。and“it WflS revealed in l997[that less than l6％of those（who re ceived a prominent genetic tests for susceptibility tO cancer）were counseled about the choice].
【结构】本句是由三个分句组成的并列句。方括号所标示的部分是第三个分句中的主语从句，”it“是形式主语。圆括号所标示的部分是”those“的后置定语从句。
【释义】与此同时，在美国，大多数科学家只学习过几个小时的伦理学，大多数医生根本没有学习过遗传学，1997年资料表明，那些为了检查癌症易感性而进行显性的遗传检测的人中。只有不到16％的人对选择做这种检查进行过咨询。
④Genetics education must be required for every physician，”ethics training for every young scientist，an reproductive issues training should be given tO every minister and politician.
【结构】本句是由三个分句组成的并列句。第二个分句相当于“ethics training must be required for every youn! scientist”，其中省略了“must be required”。
【释义】每个医生必须接受遗传学教育，每个青年科学家必须学习伦理学，每个部长和政治家都应该接受生殖力面问题的培训。
⑤With our attention focused on the technology of the month（in l997 these included cloned sheep and monkeys babies from frozen eggs。headless frog embryos，fl 63 year-old mother，sperm from dead men，and septuplets）w— seldom take the time tO ac#plish even these contemporary objectives.
【结构】过去分词短语“focused on the technology of the month”是介词“with”的宾语“our attention”的补语。括号中的代词“these”指“the technology of the month”。
【释义】我们关注最新技术（1997年包括克隆羊、克隆猴、用冷冻卵子培育婴儿、青蛙无头胚胎、63岁生育的妇女去世男人的精液以及七胞胎等），却很少花时间去实现当代这些目标。
⑥The next l00 years will see changes more dramatic than the 20th century，[which saw the creation of molecula genetics，the rise and fall of eugenics，and the creation of a U.S.and international human genome mapping effort].
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是非限制性定语从句，修饰“the 20th century”。
【释义】20世纪创立了分子遗传学，优生学有起有伏，美国以及国际社会开始努力绘制人类基因排序图。未来100年的变化将比20世纪重大得多。
⑦Only by looking at the long-term out#es of our current genetic research—will we—see the #pelling need tO con front the most basic questions[posed by genetic medicine].
【结构】 由于“Only…”放在句首，本句主谓部分倒装“0nly…will we see…”。方括号所标示的过去分词短诏用做“the most basic questions”的后置定语。
【释义】 只有通过审视当前遗传学研究的长远后果，我们才会明白为什么迫切需要面对遗传医学所提出的最根本问题。
⑧And，in any event，it has not escaped the attention of this author[that it is no more dangerous tO exercise a litth imagination about our future than it is dangerous tO fail tO be prescient about possible surprises，such as human cl0。 ning].
【结构】黑体字的“it”是主句的形式主语，真正主语是方括号所标示的主语从句。这个从句中的“it is no morf dangerous…than it is dangerous…”的意思是“…不危险正如…不危险一样”。
【释义】无论如何，本作者并非没有注意到，对将来敢于做点大胆想象并没有什么大危险，这正如没有预料到可能发生克隆人这种意外的事没有什么大危险一样。
全文翻译
1998年遗传学出现了过多的伦理道德难题，引起了医生、律师、科学家和生物伦理学家的警觉。多数人没有意识到普通遗传学和特异遗传学所取得的进步，大多数人面对每项新技术感到惶惶然，不知所措。与此同时，在美国，大多数科学家只学习过几个小时的伦理学，大多数医生根本没有学习过遗传学，1997年资料表明，那些为了检查癌症易感性而进行显性的遗传检测的人中，只有不到l6％的人对选择做这种检查进行过咨询。③西方大多数家庭只有在朋友或亲戚在怀孕期间需要进行紧急检测的时候才会首次了解有关遗传检测实际问题。更糟糕的是，除了生物伦理学研讨会，实际上现在依然没有针对基因治疗、生殖权利或遗传专利的普通大众或者全球科技界的对话。你可能会认为现在还不是展望下世纪的时候。毕竟，现在要做的事情还很多：我们必须将生物伦理学加入到高中的课程里。每个医生必须接受遗传学教育，每个青年科学家必须学习伦理学，每个部长和政治家都应该接受生殖方面问题的培训。这些问题都是现在亟待解决的。我们关注最新技术（1997年包括克隆羊、克隆猴、用冷冻卵子培育婴儿、青蛙无头胚胎、63岁生育的妇女、去世男人的精液以及七胞胎等），却很少花时间去实现当代这些目标。生物伦理学的发展速度很快，但是要赶上科学的发展，希望渺茫。在这样的条件下，很难花时间预测或批评未来出现的理想状态。
然而，如果现在的问题很重要，需要迫切牢记遗传学上的历史暴行，那么提前计划也迫在眉睫。20世纪创立了分子遗传学，优生学有起有伏，美国以及国际社会开始努力绘制人类基因排序图。未来100年的变化将比20世纪重大得多。我认为，现在是利用想象勾勒未来100年遗传学在世界的前景的时候了。只有通过审视当前遗传学研究的长远后果，我们才会明白为什么迫切需要面对遗传医学所提出的最根本问题。无论如何，本作者并非没有注意到，对将来敢于做点大胆想象并没有什么大危险，这正如没有预料到可能发生克隆人这种意外的事没有什么大危险一样
