2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（106）
发布时间：2012/11/6 14:22:45 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Despite his rather appealing personal humility，the tributes lavished upon Alan Greenspan，the chairman of the Federal Reserve，be#e more exuberant by the day.Ahead of his retirement on January 3 1 st，he has been widely and extravagantly acclaimed by economic #mentators，politicians and investors.After all，during much of his 181／2 years in office America enjoyed rapid growth with low inflation，and he successfully steered the economy around a series of financial hazards.In his final days of glory，it may therefore seem churlish to question his record.However，Mr Greenspan's departure could well mark a high point for America's economy，with a period of sluggish growth ahead.This is not so much because he is leavin9，but because of what he is leaving behind：the biggest economic imbalances in American history.
One should not exaggerate Mr Greenspan's influence both good and bad over the economy. Like all central bankers he is constrained by huge uncertainties about how the economy works，and by the limits of what monetary policy can do（it can affect inflation，but it cannot increase the long-term rate of growth）。He controls only short term interest rates，not bond yields，taxes or regulation.Yet for all these constraints，Mr Greenspan has long been the world's most important economic policy maker and during an exceptional period when globalisation and information technology have been transforming the world economy.
So far as the American economy is concerned，however，the Fed's policies of the past decade Iook like having painful long-term costs.It is true that the economy has shown amazing resilience in the face of the bursting in 2000 of the biggest stockmarket bubble in history，of terrorist attacks and of a tripling of oil prices.Mr Greenspan's admirers attribute this to the Fed's enhanced credibility under his charge. Others point to flexible wages and prices，rapid immigration，a sounder banking system and globalisation as factors that have made the economy more resilient to shocks.
The economy'S greater flexibility may indeed provide a shock-absorber.A spurt in productivity has also boosted growth.But the main reason why America's growth has remained strong in recent years has been a massive monetary stimulus.The Fed held real interest rates negative for several years，and even today real rates remain low.By borrowing against capital gains on their homes，households have been able to consume more than they earn.Robust consumer spending has boosted GDP growth，but at the cost of a negative personal saving rate，a growing burden of household debt and a huge current-account deficit.kaoshida.[424 words]
1.Mr Greenspan was extravagantly admired since______.
A.his departure means a high point for America's economy
B.he served as the chairman of the Federal Reserve for long
C.he helped promote the long prosperity of American economy
D.there were a series of financial hazards ahead of him
2.The economic growth rate of America will slow down because______.
A.Mr Greenspan has left his office
B.the economy he left behind was unbalanced
C.the growth rate tends to drop after the high point
D.America has had its rapid growth for so many years
3.It is TRUE that______.
A.Mr Greenspan's influence has been over exaggerated
B.Mr Greenspan has been acclaimed too extravagantly
C.Mr Greenspan has not been acclaimed too widely
D.Mr Greenspan has no more good influence than bad one
4.It is reasonable to attribute to Mr Greenspan's endeavor.
A.a sounder banking system
B.the economy's greater flexibility
C.the bursting of the biggest stockmarket bubble
D.the rapid American economic recovery in troubled periods
5.According to the text，______chiefly accounts for America's strong growth in recent years.
A.Mr Greenspan's monetary stimulus
B.Mr Greenspan's overwhelming influence
C.a huge current-account deficit
D.the rapid development of information technology [NextPage] 难句透析
①Despite his rather alSpealing personal humility，the tributes[lavished upon Alan Greenspan，the chairman of the Federal Reserve，]be#e more exuberant by the day.
【结构】本句的主语是“the tributes”，谓语动词是“be#e”。方括号部分所标示的过去分词短语用做后置定语，修饰“tributes”。
【释义】美国联邦储备局主席艾伦·格林斯潘，虽然他为人极其谦逊，相当令人尊敬，但一直以来人们对他的赞颂就有增无减。
②This is not So much[because he is leaving]，but because of[what he is leaving behind：the biggest economic imbalances in American history].
【结构】其中，“not So much because…but because…”的意思是“与其说因为…，倒不如说因为…”。“because”引导从句；“because of”后面需跟名词性成分。第二个方括号部分所标示的名词性从句是“because of”的宾语从句。
【释义】出现这样的局面，与其说因为他要离开，倒不如说因为他留下了美国有史以来最大的经济失调。
③Ome should not exaggerate Mr Greenspan's influence both good and bad--over the economy.
【结构】黑体字部分“should not exaggerate”的意思是“无论怎么说也达不到夸张的地步”。
【释义】格林斯潘对经济的影响，包括正面的和负面的，无论怎么评论都不过分。
④Yet for all these constraints，Mr Greenspan has long been the world'S most important economic policy maker and during an exceptional period when globalisation and information technology have been transforming the world economy].
【结构】破折号后面的部分是补充说明。方括号部分是“period”的后置定语从句。
【释义】然而，尽管受到这些约束，格林斯潘长期以来依然是世界上最重要的经济政策制订者，尤其他经历的是全球化和信息技术改变世界经济的最特殊阶段。
⑤It is true[that the economy has shown amazing resilience in the face“of the bursting in 2000 of the biggest stockmarket bubble in history，2'of terrorist attacks and”of a tripling of oil prices].
【结构】It是形式主语，方括号部分是主语从句。“in the face”后面跟有三个并列的介词“of…”短语。
【释义】面对2000年至2001年股票市场有史以来的最大泡沫喷发，面对恐怖主义的袭击，面对石油价格增至3倍之高，经济恢复之快的确令人震惊。
⑥Others point to flexible wages and prices，rapid immigration，a sounder banking system and globalisation as factors[that have made the economy more resilient to shocks].
【结构】方括号部分是“factors”的后置定语从句。
【释义】其他人指如，面对冲击，使经济得以快速恢复的因素是工资和价格的灵活变化、移民迅速增加、更健全的银行体系以及全球化[NextPage] 全文翻译
美国联邦储备局主席艾伦·格林斯潘，虽然他为人极其谦逊，相当令人尊敬，但一直以来人们对他的赞颂就有增无减。在1月31日离任之前，他曾广获经济评论家、政治家和投资家们的好评。毕竟，在他18年半的任期中，美国经济一直保持了快速增长和低通胀率，并且他成功地引导着美国经济躲避了一连串的金融危机。在他人生最后的辉煌时刻，如果我们再来质疑他过去的既往也未免显得有些无礼。但是，格林斯潘的离任正表明了美国经济已达巅峰，以后伴随它的将是迟缓的增长。出现这样的局面，与其说因为他要离开，倒不如说因为他留下了美国有史以来最大的经济失调。
格林斯潘对经济的影响，包括正面的和负面的，无论怎么评论都不过分。和其他中央银行家们一样，他同样受制于经济将如何运行的巨大不确定性和金融政策能发挥效用的范围的有限性（政策可以影响通货膨胀，但是它却无法提高长期的经济增长率）。他掌控的仅仅是短期银行利率，而非债券收益、税收或规章制度。然而，尽管受到这些约束，格林斯潘长期以来依然是世界上最重要的经济政策制订者，尤其他经历的是全球化和信息技术改变世界经济的最特殊阶段。
但目前看来，如果仅就美国经济而言，联邦储备局在过去10年中所制定的政策将会使经济的长期发展耗费巨大代价。面对2000年至2001年股票市场有史以来的最大泡沫喷发，面对恐怖主义的袭击，面对石油价格增至3倍之高，经济恢复之快的确令人震惊。格林斯潘的追随者们将此归功于在他任职期间，联邦储备局的声望和信誉大增。其他人指出，面对冲击，使经济得以快速恢复的因素是工资和价格的灵活变化、移民迅速增加、更健全的银行体系以及全球化。
国家的经济如果灵活度越高就越有可能抵抗或吸收冲击。生产效率的突然提高也必定促使经济快速增长。但是美国经济在近年来维持强势的主要原因在于其获得了大量的金融促进措施。联邦储备局在多年以来一直维持房地产低利率，甚至截至今时今日地产利率也维持低水平。通过借贷国家资产用于个人住房消费，普通百姓的消费比他们的实际收入要更多。强健的消费者购买力促使了GDP的增长，但这样的增长是建立在个人存款利率降低、家庭负债增长及巨大的现金账户赤字的代价上的。
超纲词汇
Churlish adj.粗野的，脾气坏的，无礼的
Exuberant adj.丰富的，多余的，华而不实的
Lavish vt.过分慷慨地给予，大量地乱用
resilience 复原能力，弹力
Sluggish adj.行动迟缓的，不活泼的，缓慢的
spurt n.喷出，涌出
Humility n.谦恭，谦逊
参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A
