2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（108）
发布时间：2012/11/6 14:25:39 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
First，I think it is easy to imagine a world 100 years from now in which parents have much more control over the inheritance of children.Gene therapy and pre-implantation diagnosis for 6-8 cell embryos wilt be thoroughly assimilated into obstetrics technologies.Indeed all that remains／or such technologies to be assimilated are a few technological advances.First scientists must improve the ability，and reduce the cost，of successful in vitro fertilization. Second， in vitro fertilization（IVF） must be made more intimate，more thoroughly integrated with sexual reproduction.Couples who are not infertile will be reluctalit to use pre-implantation diagnosis until it is integrated，or at least not so disconsonant,with sexually-initiated and consummated reproduction.Infertility treatments today are in the dark ages in this regard.IVF is difficult，painful，risky，expensive，and culturally stigmatized.But advances are likelv.Think of this century.The birth control pill revolutionized sex by making it possible to have sexual relations without having children.The pill thus increased the control couples and individuals have over the meaning of their pregnancies.Similarly，Viagra promises to make sexual reproduction still more“voluntarY”while retaining the sense of intimacy associated with the use of sexual organs in reproductire activity.In the next 50 years pre-implantation diagnosis and infertility treatment will advance from a clinical and impersonal process to_something more realistically sexual in nature. Whether it is a pill，a method for extracting the products of sexual relations，or a non-invasive mode of in vivo gene therapy，there will be a way to integrate genetic diagnosis with other more ordinary reproductive activities.Today's public fears of genetic diagnosis assume that the use of such technologies will be alien，impersonal，and technologically difficult.But these fears can be allayed.At that point there will be widespread calls for the use of early embryo diagnosis.Couples who are not infertile will begin using diagnostic processes to sort embryos for desired characteristics.
How much should parents be able to use such technologies to design their offspring?What are the moral objections to design of offspring that are most useful in initiating public conversation?In my research group，we closely watch debates about uses of reproductive genetics.These matters are highly Doliticized.0n the one side there is enormous emphasis on the“rights”of individuals.A large number of mv colleaguas around the United States hold that we need to deal with prenatal diagnosis in the way that we deal with all matters of pregnancy，that is，in terms of the need to preserve the rights o{women to choose about their desired out#e.In the U.S.this trend began with Court decisions in this century
about abortion，which emphasized the importance of allowing parents to choose to be parents.The present US and pean policies allowing infertile and fertile couples tO do as much as they like with genetic testing are rooted in reproductive rights.[485 wordsl
1.Which of following may help design offspring?
A.In vitro fertilization.
B.In VlVO gene therapy
C.Infertility treatments.
D.Prenatal diagnosis.
2.In vitro fertilization is______sexual reproduction.
A.somewhat inharmonious with
B.much more advanced than
C.1ikely to replace
D.totally contradictory to
3.The example of birth control pill is used in this passage to illustrate that______.kaoshida.
A.people are enjoying more sexual freedom than ever before
B.it is possible to enjoy sex without worrying about having children
C.IVF will undoubtedly be further improved
D.the progress in medical science iS inevitable
4.According to this passage，the SUCCESS of Viagra______.
A.has re.volutionized sex to the same extent as the birth control pill
B.supports the idea that advances are likely in infertility treatment
C.proves that the improvement of sexual activities is unlimited
D.is nothing but an accidental incident in the development of medicine
5.The Court decisions about abortion are based on______.
A.the technologies to design offspring
B.the reproductive rights of human beings
C.the motal obligations
D.the U.S.current policies [NextPage] 难句透析
①Indeed all[that remains for such technologies to be assimilated]are a few technological advances.
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是“all”的定语从句。
【释义】的确，吸收这些技术以便应用于产科，有待做的只是技术上的一些进展。
②Couples[who are not infertile]will be reluctant to use preimplantation diagnosis[until it is integrated，or at least not So disconsonant，with sexuayinitiated and consummated reproduction].
【结构】第一个方括号所标示的部分是“Couples”的定语从句。第二个方括号所标示的部分是“until”引导的状语从句，其中，主语“it”指“pre-implantation diagnosis”。
【释义】那些有生育能力的夫妇将不愿意接受植入胚胎前的诊断，除非这种诊断能和以性交开始并最终实现的生育过程结合起来，或者至少不那么不和谐。
③The pill thus increased the control[couples and individuals have over the meaning of their pregnancies].
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是“the control”的定语从句。
【释义】 因而，口服避孕药增强了夫妇和任何个人对是否想要怀孕的支配能力。
④[Whether it is a pill，（a method for extracting the products of sexual relations），or a noninvasive mode of in vivo gene therapy]，there will be a way to integrate genetic diagnosis with other more ordinary reproductive activities.
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是“Whether”引导的状语从句。圆括号所标示的部分是“a pill”的同位语。
【释义】 口服避孕药是消除性行为结晶的一种方法。无论是口服避孕药，还是非侵入性的体内基因疗法，将来会出现一种途径把遗传学诊断与更平常的生育行为结合起来。
⑤What are the moral objections to design of offspring[that are most useful in initiating public conversation]
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是“the moral objections”的定语从句。
【释义】父母利用这些技术设计自己的后代必然会在道德上引起异议。哪些道德异议最容易引发公众的呼应呢？
⑥A large number of my colleagues around the United States hold[that we need to deal with prenaial diagnosis in the way（that we deal with all matters of pregnancy），that is，in terms of the need to preserve the rights of women to choose about their desired out#e].
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是“hold”的宾语从句。圆括号所标示的部分是“the way”的定语从句。
【释义】我在美国各地的很多同行都认为，我们需要依照对待与怀孕有关的所有事物的方式来对待出生前的诊断，也就是说，必须考虑到需要保护妇女的权利，她们对自己生育什么样的后代有选择权 [NextPage] 全文翻译
首先，我认为想象一下距今100年后父母们在孩子遗传方面有更大的控制权应该不难。到那时，基因治疗技术和植入前6到8个细胞晶胚诊断技术将会彻底地吸收应用到产科技术里。的确，吸收这些技术以便应用于产科，有待做的只是技术上的一些进展。科学家们首先要做的便是提高体外受精胚胎植入术的操作能力的同时降低费用。其次，体外受精胚胎植入术必须在更秘密的氛围下进行，与有性生殖结合要更彻底。那些有生育能力的夫妇将不愿意接受植入胚胎前的诊断，除非这种诊断能和以性交开始并最终实现的生育过程结合起来，或者至少不那么不和谐。从这方面来说，不育症的治疗还处于摸索时期。体外受精胚胎植入术虽然很难开展，伴有疼痛感，有一定的风险，价格昂贵同时还受到道德的谴责，但发展前景广阔。我们再来看看本世纪：口服避孕药极大程度地解放了性爱，使发生性关系而不怀孕成为可能。因而，口服避孕药增强了夫妇和任何个人对是否想要怀孕的支配能力。同样的，伟哥的出现让有性生殖变得更加自觉，同时保持了生殖活动过程中与性器官刺激引起的亲密感。50年后，植入胚胎前的诊断和不育症的治疗将会从临床的非人性化的模式进化为自然的性行为过程中。口服避孕药是消除性行为结晶的一种方法。无论是口服避孕药，还是非侵入性的体内基因疗法，将来会出现一种途径把遗传学诊断与更平常的生育行为结合起来。如今公众恐惧基因疗法说明，目前这些技术与公众思想背道而驰，缺乏人性化，同时技术层面上难以开展。但是这些恐惧是可以减轻的。在这个阶段将会有众多要求早期胚胎诊断的呼吁。有生育能力的夫妻可以利用这个诊断过程来分类挑选符合要求的个体特征。
为了设计他们的后代，父母们使用这项技术的频率应该怎么样？父母利用这些技术设计自己的后代必然会在道德上引起异议。哪些道德异议最容易引发公众的呼应呢？我的研究团队着重观察了人们在生育遗传学应用方面的辩论。这些问题具有高度的政治性。一方面，人们着重强调个人“权力”的行使。我在美国各地的很多同行都认为，我们需要依照对待与怀孕有关的所有事物的方式来对待出生前的诊断，也就是说，必须考虑到需要保护妇女的权利，她们对自己生育什么样的后代有选择权。在美国，这种趋势开始于本世纪最高法院关于流产的决定，这项决定强调了父母有权利选择是否生育的重要性。目前美国和欧洲允许有生育能力和没有生育能力的夫妻随心所欲进行基因测试的政策法规就是基于生育权利考虑。
超纲词汇
Consummate vt.完成，使达到极点
invitro （拉>在试管中，在体外
invivo （拉>在活的有机体内
obstetrics n.产科学
prenatal 出生以前的
stigmatize vt.打烙印，诬蔑
Viagra n.伟哥
vitro n.体外，试管内
参考答案：1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B
