2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（113）
发布时间：2012/11/6 14:31:13 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Drunk drivers cause hundreds of traffic accidents each year，many of which end in fatalities.In recent years，two organizations have been formed to #bat this deadly menace.MADD（Mothers Against Drunk Driving）was formed to stop drunk drlying kids and teens，su pport the victims of and prevent underage drinking.①SADD（Students Against Destrucitve Decisions）was created to provide students with the best prevention and tools to deal with underage drinkin9，drug use，impaired driving and other destructive decisions.⑦The two organizations take different approaches to drunk driving and each is succeeding in its own way.
MADD was founded in l980 by Cindy Lightner，following the death of her l3 year old daughter who was killed by a drunk driver out of bail for a hit and run accident only two days earlier.Lightner and 0ther mothers who had lost children to drunk drivers formed MADD in an effort to stop the more than 30.000 alcohol related driving deaths each year.They worked，not only to educate the public about tee dangers of drunk drivin9，but to change societal attitudes about drinking and drivin9.MADI）expanded its campaign from“Don't Drive Drunk”to Don't Drink and Drive.To ac#plish this，it has re#mended higher beverage taxes，lower drunk driving arrest thresholds，and roadblocks designed to frighten people out of social drinkin9.It has also created Victim Impact Panels，where people convicted of driving while intoxicated hear the stories of parents，relatives and friends of victims of drunk driving accidents.④Twenty-six years after the founding of MADD，alcohol related driving deaths in the United States have been reduced to about l7。000 annually.
SADD was founded by Robert Anastas of Wayland High School in Massachusetts as Students Against Driving Drunk in l981.SADD emerged as a response to more than 6000 young people being killed in alcohol related accidents each year.SADD's approach to the problem was to develop educational programs in school chapters ranging from middle schools to colleges.In l997.SADD extpanded ils mission to include underage drinkin9.substance abuse.impaired drivin9，violence.；tll（]suicide.SAaDD's programs are keyed to the needs of individual school locations.These include peer led cla sse,a，iOl kilns， workshops.conferences and rallies。and other awareness—raising activities.Over its first decade SADD has worked with many federal and state agencies，nonprofit groups arm fourldatiOlts to get its message across.By l990，due in part to the work of SADD，the number of young people kilied in aicohc）1 related accidents fell t0 2，000 per year.
Both MADD and SADD have been influential in reducing the number of alcohoi related deaths in the United States.Each has taken a different approach to the problem of drunk dri ving arid #e up with viable solution.[459 words]
1.Which of the following statements is true of the text?
A.Trraffic accidents would be eliminated without drunk drivin9.
B.Both MADD and SADD are dedicated to curbing drunk drivin9.
C.MADD was formed much earlier and did much more than SADD.
D.MADD takes a more effective approach to drunk driving than SADD.
2.According to the author，Cindy Lightner______
A.was a victim of an clcohol related traffic accident
B.founded MADD in memory of her lost daughter
C.lost her daughter in a hit and run accident
D.was determined to reduce drunk driving
3.According to the text，MADD______.
A.urges drunk drivers to hear bitter stories
B.tries its best to frighten people out of drinking
C.has considerably reduced alcohol related driving deaths
D.manages to change public's attitude toward drunk driving
4.As a result of SADD's effort，______.
A.its mission includes much more than ever before
B.fewer young people have been killed by drunk driving
C.it responds to alcohol related accidents more promptly
D.more educational programs have been developed in schools
5.Which of the following is the best title for this text?
A.Two Influential Organizations
B.The Menace of Drunk Driving
C.The Fight against Drunk Driving
D.How to Reduce Traffic Accidents [NextPage] 难句透析
①MADD（Mothers Against Drunk Driving）was formed[tO stop drunk driving kids and teens，“support the victims of it and”prevent underage drinking].
【结构】方括号所标示的动词不定式短语“tO stop drunk drivin9…drinkin9”用做目的状语；它是由三个动词不定式短语“tO stop…”，“support…”，和“prevent…”并列而成的，后两个动词不定式省略了“t0”。
【释义】成立MADD（母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会）的目的是阻止青少年酒后驾驶，帮助酒后驾驶的受害者和预防未成年人喝酒。
②SADD（Students Against Destructive Decisions）was created[tO provide students with the best prevention and tools to deal with underage drinkin9，drug use，impaired driving and¨other destructive decisions].
【结构】方括号所标示的动词不定式短语“tO provide students with…destructive decisions”用做目的状语；其中的动词不定式短语to deal with…destructive decisions“也用做目的状语。用上标数字标明的四个并列的名词短语用做介词”with“的宾语。
【释义】成立SADD（学生抵制有害决定协会）的目的是为学生提供最佳预防手段和工具，用以抵制未成年人喝酒、吸毒、酒后驾驶和其他有害抉择。
③MADD was founded in l980 by Cindy Lightner，[following the death of her l3 year old daughter（who was killed by a drunk driver out of bail for a hit and run accident only two days earlier）].
【结构】方括号所标示的现在分词短语”following the death…only two days earlier“用做补充说明状语。圆括号所标示的”who was killed…only two days earlier“是”daughter“的后置定语从句。
【释义】母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会是辛迪·莱娜于1980年创立的。当时，她13岁的女儿刚被酒后开车人撞死不久。这个开车人曾犯驾驶肇事后逃逸罪，出事时，他获保释只有两天。
④It has also created Victim Impact Panels，where people（convicted of driving while intoxicated）hear the stories of parents，relatives and friends of victims of drunk driving accidents].
【结构】方括号所标示的”where people…hear the stories…driving accidents“是”Victim Impact Panels“的后置定语从句。圆括号所标示的过去分词短语”convicted of driving while intoxicated“是”people“的后置定语。
【释义】母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会还创办了受害影响研讨会。在研讨会上，曾犯酒后驾驶肇事罪的人倾听酒后驾驶受害者的父母、亲戚和朋友讲述受害者的遭遇。
⑤SADD'S approach tO the problem was Eto develop educational programs in school chapters（ranging from middle schools tO colleges）].
【结构】方括号所标示的动词不定式短语”tO develop…colleges“用做表语；圆括号所标示的现在分词短语”ran ging from middle schools tO colleges“是”SChool chapters“的后置定语。
【释义】学生抵制有害决定协会解决问题的途径是在学校分会，从中学到大学，开展教育活动。
答案注释
1.根据第一段第二、三、四句”In recent years，tWO organizations have been formed to #bat this deadly menace，MADD…was formed to stop drunk drivin9…drinkin9.SADD…was created…“可知，选项B应为答案。
2.根据第二段第二句”Lightner and other mothers…formed MADD in an effort tO stop the more than 30，000 alcohol related driving deaths each year“可知，选项D应为答案。
3.根据第二段第三句”They worked，not only…，but tO change societal attitudes about drinking and drivin9“可知，选项D应为答案。
4.根据第三段最后一句”By 1990，due in part to the work of SADD，the number of young people killed in alcohol related accidents fell t0 2，000 per year“可知，选项8应为答案。
5.本文重点介绍了MADD和SADD如何制止”drunk drivin9“，以便减少因酒后驾驶引起的交通事故。所以，选项 C应为答案。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
酒后驾车每年都造成大量车祸，许多都造成了死亡事故。近年来，有两个协会为了抵御车祸的威胁而成立。成立MADD（母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会）的目的是阻止青少年酒后驾驶，帮助酒后驾驶的受害者和预防未成年人喝酒。成立SADD（学生抵制有害决定协会）的目的是为学生提供最佳预防手段和工具，用以抵制未成年人喝酒、吸毒、酒后驾驶和其他有害抉择。这两个组织通过不同方式预防酒后驾驶，并取得了相应的成功。
母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会是辛迪·莱娜于1980年创立的。当时，她13岁的女儿刚被酒后开车人撞死不久。这个开车人曾犯驾驶肇事后逃逸罪，出事时，他获保释只有两天。莱娜和其他因别人酒后驾驶而失去孩子的母亲成立了母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会，努力减少每年3万多起酒后驾驶造成的死亡事故。他们不仅教育公众警惕酒后驾驶的危险，更努力改变社会对于饮酒和驾驶的态度。母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会将自己的口号由“不要酒后驾车”改成了“不要喝酒和驾驶”。为了达到这个目标，协会建议提高酒水的税率，将处罚酒后驾驶的标准设立得更加严格，设立路障提醒那些喝过酒的人。协会还创办了受害影响研讨会。在研讨会上，曾犯酒后驾驶肇事罪的人倾听酒后驾驶受害者的父母、亲戚和朋友讲述受害者的遭遇。母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会成立26年后，美国每年酒后驾驶造成的死亡事故减少到17000起。
学生抵制有害决定协会是由韦兰高中的罗伯特·安娜塔斯于l981年在马萨诸塞州建立的，最初的名字是学生抵制酒后驾驶协会。每年由酒后驾驶造成的年轻人死亡事故达到6000人，学生抵制有害决定协会成立的目的在于减少这些死亡。学生抵制有害决定协会解决问题的途径是在学校分会，从中学到大学，开展教育活动。1997年，协会的任务扩展到未成年人饮酒、滥用药物、酒后驾驶、暴力和自杀等领域。其项目针对每个校区的需求，主要包括同伴互助班、论坛、专题研讨、讨论会和集会，以及其他提高学生意识的活动。在其前10年的发展中，学生抵制有害决定协会和许多联邦、州级的组织、非赢利性组织和基金合作，宣传它的主旨。到1990年止，在协会的努力下，每年酒后驾驶造成的年轻人死亡事故降低到2000人。
在美国，母亲抵制酒后驾驶协会和学生抵制有害决定协会对于减少酒后驾驶引起的死亡事故起了重大作用。他们各自有不同的解决问题方式，并且都有可行的解决方案。
超纲词汇
Fatality n.死亡事故，致命事故，死亡人数
menace n.威胁，危险物，恐吓
Impair vt.损害，使弱
bail n.保释，保证金，保证人
beverage n.饮料
threshold n.最低限度，门槛，门口
intoxicated 喝醉的，极其兴奋的
peer n.同等的人
forum n.论坛，讨论会
viable 可行的，可实施的
参考答案：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.C
