2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（114）
发布时间：2012/11/6 14:32:19 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
According to the Census Bureau，over six million American children move every year.For most of these youngsters，a family move，whether it is j ust down the block or to a strange，new city，is a difficult and trying experience that usually involves a degree of sadness，apprehension and emotional upheaval that some authors have #pared to dealing with death or divorce.
For adults，moving to a new home or apartment may be an accepted fact；but for children simply moving to a new school ranks among their 20 most stressful life experiences.o Furthermore，school-aged children who move to a new #munity often encounter no less than eight of the 42 items listed as potential stressors on“The Social Readjustment Scale”，9iving them a 50％greater risk of suffering a stress-related illness if the stressors are not alleviated.④
Studies of the Denver Public Schools have also demonstrated that moving during elementary school can significantly affect a child's academic performance.In one such study，second graders who had changed schools at least twice since kindergarten scored 20％lower on achievement tests than students who had not moved.Results also pointed out a direct link between students'moving and the likelihood of their dropping out of sch001.About 95％of those students who attended a single elementary，middle and high school graduated，while 68％of students who changed schools just once in l2 years graduated.④0f students who moved three or more times，only 30％eventually graduated.
A survey of nearly 2，5 00 elementary and middle school students indicated a mix of emotions when children talked about movin9.At one level，youngsters thought that moving was exciting and adventurous；yet，most shared their fears and apprehensions of having to adjust to a new school or #munity along with sadness at lcaving behind old friends and familiar places.Their concerns also focused on the reasons for movin9，the degree of difficulty they would encounter in a new classroom and their own ability to adj ust to new surroundings and make new friends.
For the majority of children，many of the immediate emotional disruptions caused by moving pass with time.However，parents，educators and counselors can help children adj ust more quickly and with less upset through an awareness of the questions and concerns children experience when facing a move，understanding and supportive discussion of feelings and fears and 3）simple preventive measures and appropriate planning before，during and after a move.Parents should also be aware of situations in which a child's behavior indicates unusual difficulties in adj usting to a move，and which may require professional intervention.⑥[433 words]
1.Some people think that，for most children, ______
A.adiusting to the difficulties caused by moving is worthwhile
B.moving is an experience as frustrating as divorce is for adults
C.nloving just down the block is less stressful than to a strange city
D.the emotional upheaval caused by moving is the most unbearable
2.For most adults，family moving is an experience______.
A.both difficuIt and troublesome
B.both exciting and adventurous
C.both necessary and unavoidable
D.both valuable and worth trylng
3.The Social Readj ustment Scale______.
A.1ists 42 stressors nobody can avoid in his life
B.increases the risk of suffering a stress—related illness
C.is a useful tool for children to readjust in a new place
D.includes potential stressors children may face in moving
4.According to the studies of the Denver Public Schools, ______.
A.family moving affects the test scores of second graders most
B.students changing schools frequently are more used to school life
C.a student who has the experience of changing school is more likely to drop out
D.students without the experience of changing school usually graduate on schedule
5.The main idea of the text can be best expressed as______.
A.helping children cope with moving
B.trying to avoid unnecessary moving
C.the most stressful experience in life
D.what affects school aged children most [NextPage] 难句透析
①For most of these youngsters，a family move，[whether it is just down the block or to a strange，new city]，is a difficult and trying experience[that usually involves a degree of sadness，apprehension and emotional upheaval（that some authors have #pared to dealing with death or divorce）].
【结构】本句主句的主语是“a family move”，谓语动词是…is。方括号所标示的“whether it…new city”是状语从句。方括号所标示的“that usually involves…divorce”是“experience”的后置定语从句。圆括号所标示的“that some authors…divorce”是“degree”的后置定语从句。
【释义】无论是搬到另一个街区还是搬到一个陌生城市，搬家对多数少年儿童来说都是个十分痛苦、难以忍受的经历。常常会造成一定程度的悲伤、忧虑和情绪波动。有些作者说这就像面对死亡和离婚一样。
②“For adults，moving tO a new home or apartment may be an accepted fact；but”for children simply moving tO a new school ranks among their 20 most stressful life experiences.
【结构】本句是由分号和“but”连接的两个分句组成的并列句。第一个分句的主语是动名词短语“moving t0… apartment”，谓语动词是“may be”。第二个分句的主语是动名词短语“simply moving t0…school”，谓语动词是“ranks”。
【释义】对于成年人来说，搬到新家可能心理上很容易接受，但对于儿童来说，仅转学就位居于20件最有压力的人生体验当中。
③Furthermore，school aged children[who move tO a new #munity]often encounter n0 1ess than eight of the 42 items[1isted as potential stressors on“The Social Readjustment Scale”，]giving them a 50％greater risk of suffering a stress-related illness[if the stressors are not alleviated].
【结构】方括号所标示的“wh0…#munity”是“children”的后置定语从句。方括号所标示的过去分词短语“lis ted as…Scale”是“items”的后置定语。方括号所标示的“if the stressors are not alleviated”是条件状语从句。
【释义】此外，在《社会再适应评定量表》所列的42项潜在压力中，搬到新环境的学龄儿童常常要面对其中8项之多。如果这些压力不减轻，他们患与这些压力有关的疾病的风险就升高了50％。
④“About 95％of those students[who attended a single elementary，middle and high sch001]graduated，while”68％of students[who changed schools just once in l2 years]graduated.
【结构】本句是由逗号和“while”连接的两个分句组成的并列句。方括号所标示的“who attended…school”是其前面的“students”的后置定语从句。方括号所标示的“who changed…12 years”是其前面的“students”的后覆定语从句。
【释义】仅在一所小学、中学上过学的学生毕业率大约为95％，而12年间转过一次学的学生毕业率为68％。
⑤Their concerns also focused on the reasons for movin9，the degree of difficulty[they would encounter in a new classroom]and“their own ability‘”to adj ust to new surroundings and’“make new friends.
【结构】介词”on“后面跟有三个并列的名词短语”the reasons…“，”the degree…“和”their own ability…“，用做宾语。两个并列的动词不定式短语”tO adjust to new surroundings“和”make new friends“是”ability“的后置定语。第二个动词不定式短语”make new friends“前面省略了”t0“。
【释义】他们的忧虑同样集中在搬家的理由、在新的学校里他们要面临的困难大小以及自身适应环境、结交朋友的能力上面。
⑥Parents should also be aware of situations [in which fl child'S behavior indicates unusual difficulties in adjusting to fl move]，and”[which may require professional intervention].
【结构】 由逗号和“and”连接的两组方括号所标示的部分是“situations”的两个并列的后置定语从句。
【释义】家长还应该明白，在什么情况下，从孩子的行为可以看出他们对搬家非常难以适应，需要请专家帮忙解决。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
根据人口调查局数据显示，每年有超过600万的美国儿童搬家。无论是搬到另一个街区还是搬到一个陌生城市，搬家对多数少年儿童来说都是个十分痛苦、难以忍受的经历。常常会造成一定程度的悲伤、忧虑和情绪波动。有些作者说这就像面对死亡和离婚一样。
对于成年人来说，搬到新家可能心理上很容易接受，但对于儿童来说，仅转学就位居于20件最有压力的人生体验当中。此外，在《社会再适应评定量表》所列的42项潜在压力中，搬到新环境的学龄儿童常常要面对其中8项之多。如果这些压力不减轻，他们患与这些压力有关的疾病的风险就升高了50％。
对丹佛公立学校的研究结果显示，儿童在上小学期间搬家会严重影响学习成绩。在一项研究中，成绩二等的孩子如果从幼儿园开始至少转学两次，他们的成绩跟那些不转学的学生相比要低20％。结果也表明学生搬家与辍学的可能性直接相关。仅在一所小学、中学上过学的学生毕业率大约为95％，而12年问转过一次学的学生毕业率为68％。至于那些搬了多于3次家的学生最后毕业的只有30％。
对近2500名小学和中学学生展开的一项调查表明，孩子们谈起搬家时情绪很复杂。一方面，年轻学生认为搬家令人兴奋和充满刺激；另一方面，大部分的学生都对要适应新学校和新环境忧心仲忡和害怕，并对要远离老朋友和熟悉的地方感到悲伤。他们的忧虑同样集中在搬家的理由、在新的学校里他们要面临的困难大小以及自身适应 环境、结交朋友的能力上面。
对于大多数的儿童来说，众多由搬家引起的即时情感骚动随着时间的消逝而消失。尽管如此，父母、教育工作 者和辅导员可以通过以下几种方法帮助学生更快地适应环境以及消除低落情绪：1）意识到搬家时儿童可能面临的 问题及产生的忧虑，2）理解并对感受和恐惧情绪进行积极的讨论，3）在搬家前、搬家过程及搬家后采取简单的预防 性措施以及合理的安排。家长还应该明白，在什么情况下，从孩子的行为可以看出他们对搬家非常难以适应，需要 请专家帮忙解决。
超纲词汇
upheaval n.动乱，剧变
intervention n.干涉
apprehension n.忧虑，担心
参考答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A
