2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（120）
发布时间：2012/11/6 14:40:21 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
An overt impact of modern information systems concerns the individual's standard and style of livin9.Information systems affect the scope and quality of health care， make social services more eauitable，enhance personal #fort，provide a greater measure of safety and mobility， and extend the varietv of leisure forms at one's disposal.①More subtly but equally important，they also affect the content and style of an individual's work and in so doing perturb the social and legal practices and conventions to which one is accustomed. New kinds of information products and media necessitate a redeftnition of the legal conventions regulating the ownership of products of the human intellect. Moreover，massive data-collecting systems bring into sharp focus the elusive borderline between the #mon good and personal privacy，calling for the need to safeguard stored data against accidental or illegal access,disclosure，or misuse.
Individuals cannot ignore the impact of automation and i|nformation-processing systems on their skills and jobs.Information technology makes obsolete，in part or in entirety,many human functions：first mechanical and repetitive·tasks were affected；now clerical and paraprofessional tasks are being automated；and eventually highly skilled and some professional functions will be made unnecessary. Individuals performing these functions face the probability of shorter periods of employment and the need to.adapt or change their skills.As teehnologms，including information technology，grow more sophisticated，their learning curyes stretch or the required skills be#e narrower continuing training an“dueation are likely to be#e fl way of。life for both employee and employer.Unlike the slow
gradual evolution of human labour in past generations。present-day changes are occurrin g rapidly and with little warnin9.Unless society members anticipate these effects and prepare to cope with them mentally and in practice，job dislocations and：forced geographic relocations may prove traumatic for employees and their families.
The perhaps more fundamental issue of paramount long-term significance for society has to do with the well-being of the human spirit'inn an increasingly knowledge-intensive environment。 In sueh an environment,knowledge is the principal and perhaps most valuable currency.The growing volume—and the rate of obsolescence of knowledge #pel the individual to live in the c0，ntinuous presence of，一and frequent l'nteraction with，information resources and systems.Effective use of these resources and svstems mav be a modern definition of literacy，while the absence of such a skill may very well result in intellectual and possibly economic poverty and inequity.There is a real danger that humans，unwilling or incapable or not given access to information，may be relegated to an existence that falls short of the human potential.③[430 words]
1.The influence of information technology on people's life is______.
A.both apparent and well—known
B.positive rather than negative
C.not only constructive but also fundamental
D.much greater than ever expected
2.The underlined word”perturb“in the first paragraph most probably means______.
A.modify
B.neglect
C.permeate
D.upset
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?
A.The borderline between the #mon good and personal privacy is no longer elusive.
B.With the development of information technology even highly skilled and professional functions may no longer exist.
C.People can never catch up with the rate of obsolescence of knowledge
D.People who are given access to information are literate.
4.It seems that______in modern society.
A.social services tend to be inequitable
B.personal #fort has been considerably enhanced
C.none isn't accustomed to the modern information systems
D.nobody can catch up with the rapid development of information technology
5.This passage is mainly about______.
A.information technology
B.a modern definition of literacy
C.an increasingly knowledge-intensive environment
D.effects of modern information systems on the individual [NextPage] 难句透析
①Information systems“affect the scope and quality of health care，”make social services more equitable，“enhance personal #fort，provide fl greater measure of safety and mobility，and 5'extend the variety of leisure forms at one's disposal.
【结构】本句的主语是”Information systems“，谓语是五个并列的动词”affect…，make…，enhance…，pr0— vide…，and extend…“；”at one's disposal“的意思是”由自己支配“。
【释义】信息系统可扩展健康保健的范围、提高健康保健的质量，使社会服务变得更公平合理，使个人生活更加舒适，为人提供更高的安全度、更多的流动机会，并能使人按自己的意愿增添休闲方式。
②Moreover，massive data—collecting systems bring into sharp focus the elusive borderline between the #mon good and personal privacy，calling for the need to safeguard stored data against accidental or illegal access，discl0— sure，or misuse.
【结构】本句谓语动词的结构是”brin9…int0…“，此处是一个倒装结构，相当于”bring the elusive borderline between the #mon good and personal privacy into sharp focus“。
【释义】而且，庞大的资料收集系统使共同利益和个人隐私之间的模糊界线变得格外令人关注，呼吁大家保护好系统储存的资料，防止他人偶然或非法访问、泄漏或误用。
③There is a real danger[that humans，unwilling or incapable or not given access to information，may be relegated to an existence（that falls short of the human potential）].
【结构】本句中，方括号标示的部分是”danger“的同位语从句；圆括号标示的部分是”existence“的后置定语从句。”falls short of“表达否定，意思是”达不到“。
【释义】有些人不愿意接触信息、没有能力或没有机会接触信息。他们的生存状况可能会下降，一个人所具有的潜能将得不到应有的发挥。这是一种实实在在的危险。
全文翻译
现代信息系统所带来的冲击中有一个比较明显的方面，就是对个人的生活质量和生活方式的影响。信息系统可扩展健康保健的范围、提高健康保健的质量，使社会服务变得更公平合理，使个人生活更加舒适，为人提供更高的安全度、更多的流动机会，并能使人按自己的意愿增添休闲方式。从一个更细微的但也同等重要的方面来看，它们也影响到个人工作的内容和风格，如此一来也势必打乱人们已经熟知的社会和法律秩序以及传统风俗习惯。新品种的媒体及信息产品的产生，使得对与人类智慧相关的产品的所有权的立法传统进行重新定义成为一种必要。而且，庞大的资料收集系统使共同利益和个人隐私之间的模糊界线变得格外令人关注，呼吁大家保护好系统储存的资料，防止他人偶然或非法访问、泄露或误用。
每个人都不能忽视自动化以及信息处理系统对个人的技能和工作所带来的冲击。信息技术将部分地或者是全部地使人类的功能过时：首先是机械化和重复性的工作受到影响；现在一些文书和辅助专业性人员的工作也在逐步自动化；最终一些需要较高技能和一些专业型的技术都将变得无关紧要。从事这些职业的人将面临更短的雇佣期，甚至以必要更改自身的技能以适应社会。随着科技，其中包括信息技术，不断地成熟起来，它们的学习曲线也将不断延长或者它们所需要的技术领域不断缩小；持续培训和再教育看起来很有可能成为雇员和雇主共同的生活方式。和以往人类劳动力通过许多代人缓慢、逐渐的进化不同，当今社会的变化是在没有前兆的情况下迅速发生的。除非社会成员对这些影响有所预期并相应地在精神上和实际行动上都有所准备，那么工作错位以及被迫进行地域转移将给雇员和他们的家庭带来创伤。
或许最基本的问题还在于，在一个逐渐增强的知识密集型环境当中，如何保证作为长远发展中至高无上的人类精神的健康发展。在这样的环境当中，知识是主要的甚至是最宝贵的货币。由于知识的范围不断扩大而且更新较快，这迫使人们始终生活在信息资源和系统当中，并经常与其互动。能够有效地利用这些资源和系统将有可能成为有文化的新定义，而如果缺乏这样的技能则很有可能带来知识上的，乃至经济上的贫穷和不平等。有些人不愿意接触信息、没有能力或没有机会接触信息。他们的生存状况可能会下降，一个人所具有的潜能将得不到应有的发挥。这是一种实实在在的危险。
超纲词汇
Elusive 难懂的，难捉摸的，易忘的
inequity n.不公平。不公正
obsolescence n.荒废，退化
overt 明显的，公然的
perturh v.感到不安
relegate v.转移，归入。提交
subtly adv.敏锐地。精细地，巧妙地
traumatic 外伤的，创伤的
参考答案：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.D
