2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（124）
发布时间：2012/11/7 15:02:40 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Current cancer treatment depends on drugs and hormones（chemotherapy），surgery，radiation therapy，or a #bination of these.The earlier cancer is diagnosed and the sooner treatment can be implemented，the greater the chances of a successful cure.The poor success rates in treating lun9， breast，and colorectal tumours are due mainly to lateness of diagnosis of many of these tumours.
All forms of treatment have disadvantages.Most chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to attack the genetic material--the DNA—of the tumour ceils in an effort to stop them from multiplying and spreading the tumour.But these drugs are not specific and can also kill normal healthy cells.In radiation therapy， radiation directed at the cancer may destroy normal tissue in adjacent areas.Improvements in equipment and radiation sources，however，have been able to reduce this risk.
If the tumour is confined to a distinct area，such as a portion of the colon or lun9，it may be possible to remove it surgically' but the malignant cells must be #pletely removed in order to reduce significantly the risk of developing metastases（secondary tumours）through the migration of cancer cells. Cancer of the breast，for example，tends to metastasize to the bones，while melanoma tends to sDread to the Iun9·Once a tumour has metastasized to diffuse areas of the body，it is much more difficuIt to remove the secondary tumours surgically；they may be numerous and inaccessible，and chemotherapy may be the only option.
some of the greatest successes in treating cancer have occurred with the rarer tumours.Platinum— based drugs are proving effective against cancers of the ovaries and testes， for instance.Drugs and radlotheraPY have done much to prolong survival in those with cancer of the lymphoid tissue，where the body's defense cells are found. And transplantation of bone marrow cells is reducing the dearh t011 from childhood leukemias.The Success of this technique depends on matching the donor marrow cells to those of the reclDlP ent to prevent rej ection and on knocking out the parts of the donor marrow that will attack their flew host.①
An estlmated one in three persons in developed countries will get cancer at some point in his life. Until more effective treatment of the #mon tumours can be developed， success in over#ing cancer will depend on early diagnosis of the disease and avoidance of known environmental carcinogens such as clgarette smoke' some industrial chemicals，and possibly the rich，fatty，low-fibre foods of modern diets.[409 words]
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this text?
A.It is possible to cure some cancers before more effective cancer treatment can be developed.
B.All forms of cancer treatment have disadvantages except radiation therapy.
C.The chances of successfully curing cancer are greater in developing countries than in developed ones.
D.The more developed a country is，the higher the rate of its people who will get cancer.
2.The 3rd paragraph is mainly about______.
A.secondary tumours
B.the migration of cancer ceIIs
C.surgery in cancer treatment
D.the advantages of chemotherapy
3.According to this passage，______.
A.the migration of cancer cells contributes to the development of metastases
B.chemotherapy contributes to the success of removing secondary tumours surgically
C.breast cancer tends to invade the lung
D.melanoma tends to invade the bones
4.The author believes that______.
A.surgery is the best treatment of cancer currently
B.no cancers cannot be over#e if diagnosed early
C.none of the current treatments of cancer is perfect
D.the most effective treatment of cancer will be developed SOOner Or later
5.______may be responsible for the development of cancer.
A.Early diagnosis of the disease
B.Environmental carcinogens
C.Platinum-based drugs
D.Childhood leukemia [NextPage] 难句透析
①The success of this technique depends“on matching the donor marrow cells to those of the recipient tO prevent reiection and 20071 knocking out the parts of the donor marrow[that will attack their new host].
【结构】本句的谓语动词是”depends“，不及物，唐面需用介词”on“。后面的两个介词”0n“并列。动名词短语”matchin9…rejection“和”knocking out…host“分别是这两个介词”0n“的宾语。方括号所标示的部分是”the parts“的后置定语从句。
【释义】这种骨髓移植技术的成功在于供体骨髓细胞必须与受体骨髓细胞相符，避免出现排斥现象，还在于应去除供体骨髓中对受体有危害的成分。
②[Until more effective treatment of the #mon turnouts can be developed-]，success in over#ing cancer will depend on early diagnosis of the disease and 2'avoidance of known environmental carcinogens such as cigarette smoke，some industrial chemicals，and possibly the rich，fatty，low-fibre foods of modern diets.
【结构】本句主句的谓语动词是”will depend on“。介词”on“后面跟有两个宾语：”early diagnosis…“和”avoid— ance of known environmental carcinogens…“。
【释义】在研究出更好的常见肿瘤治疗方法之前，治疗癌症主要依靠早期诊断，还应避免接触环境中的那些已知的致癌物质，如：香烟、某些工业化学物质，并且尽量避免吃那些可能致癌的现代饮食中的高脂肪、低纤维食物。
全文翻译
目前治疗癌症的手段主要有药物和荷尔蒙（化学治疗）、手术、放射治疗，或者是以上几者的综合。癌症发现得越早，治疗越早地开展，成功治疗它的几率也就越大。在治疗肺癌、乳腺癌和直肠癌方面成功几率较低的主要原因就是对这些部位的肿瘤发现得太晚。
任何一种治疗方法都有其弊端。很多化学治疗用的药物都是为了侵袭肿瘤的基因物质一DNA——以使肿瘤细胞停止自我复制和传播新的肿瘤。但是这些药物并没有很强的针对性，它同时也可能杀死正常健康的细胞。放射性疗法中，对准癌细胞的放射线也有可能损毁周边邻近的正常肌体组织。然而，对设备以及放射源的更新则可能降低这些危险。
如果肿瘤出现在一个相对独立的区域，比如说结肠或者肺部的某一部分，那么就有可能通过手术摘除肿瘤，但是恶性细胞也必须完全摘除以避免癌细胞移植而造成的病灶转移（二次肿瘤）。比如说，乳腺癌就容易转移到骨骼上，而黑素瘤则容易传播到肺部。一旦肿瘤转移传播到身体的不同部位，就很难通过手术的方法来摘除了；它们的数量可能很多而且无法靠近，到时化学治疗就是唯一的选择了。
对癌症治疗最大的成功案例源于对非常见肿瘤的治疗。比如说，铂基药物就对卵巢和睾丸的癌症有很好的疗效。药物和放射性疗法一起使用可以很大程度上延长淋巴癌患者的生命，而淋巴组织恰好就是我们身体内免疫细胞的所在地。在儿童发生的白血病病例中，通过骨髓移植的方法也很大程度上降低了死亡率。这种骨髓移植技术的成功在于供体骨髓细胞必须与受体骨髓细胞相符，避免出现排斥现象，还在于应去除供体骨髓中对受体有危害的成分。
有预测称目前在发达国家中，每3个人中就有1个在人生的某一阶段将患上癌症。在研究出更好的常见肿瘤治疗方法之前，治疗癌症主要依靠早期诊断，还应避免接触环境中的那些已知的致癌物质，如：香烟、某些工业化学物质，并且尽量避免吃那些可能致癌的现代饮食中的高脂肪、低纤维食物。
超纲词汇
Carcinogen n.致癌物质
Chemotherapeutic adj.化学疗法的
chemotherapy n.化学疗法
Colon n.冒号；[解]结肠
Colorectal adj.结肠直肠的
leukemia n.白血病
Lymphoid 淋巴的
Melanoma n.（恶性）黑素瘤；（良性）胎记瘤
ovaries n.卵巢，子房
Platinum n.白金，铂
testes n.睾丸
参考答案：1.A 2.C 3.A 4，C 5.B
