2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（131）
发布时间：2012/11/7 15:10:17 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
It is worth noting that anyone even remotely skeptical of the standard model of global warming faces an almost insurmountably quixotic task.The view that human industrial and other economic activity is filling the air with carbon dioxide and causing the planet's temperature to rise is taught to nearly all the nation's children and has been for years.①It continues to be taught all the way through high school and into college.It is endlessly reported in the newspapers and on the evening news broadcasts.It is repeated on the Weather Channel and is the subject of frequent cable television specials and documentaries.In all of this，it is only very rarely admitted that climate is an intensely #plex subject in general，that climate-change science in particular is still in its infancy，and that，though many respected scientists believe the standard model to be correct，many other respected scientists disagree.②
The task of the skeptic is made even more difficult by the burgeoning effort to silence dissent.There have been calls recently to equate global-warming skeptics with Holocaust deniers and to have them punished as the equivalent of war criminals.④0n September l 9，2006，in a post on the blog run by environmentalist magazine Grist，David Roberts wrote：“When we've finally gotten serious about global warmin9，when the impacts are really hitting us and we're in a full worldwide scramble to minimize the damage，we should have war crimes trials for these b*****ds——some sort of climate Nurember9.''
This type of rhetoric has not been confined to just one anti—heresy crusader.Columnist Vin Suprynowicz，editorial page editor for the Las Vegas Reviezo-Journal，pointed out in a recent column that”the British foreign secretary'has said that skeptics should be treated like advocates of Islamic terror and denied access to the media‘“and that”European Union Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas told the BBC that people should view the battle against climate change as a war--accepting the privations of a wartime economy and expecting millions of casualties.“④
There are two points to consider about this effort to stifle debate about global warmin9.The first is that it may signal recognition among some global-warming proponents that skeptics have been increasingly successful at pointing out flaws in the accepted theory.@If you are beginning to lose a debate，why not attack the character of the other side or even suggest that that side be outlawed?The second point to consider，and one related to the first，is that the proper response to calls to outlaw dissent is for the dissenters to very coolly and carefully persist in their arguments.[436 words]
1.The first paragraph is written to show that______.
A.global warming is a topic popular in various media
B.many human activities are causing global warming
C.global warming is not an issue worth much attention
D.it's rather difficult for people to doubt global warming
2.According to David Roberts，global warming______.
A.will undoubtedly be#e as serious as a global war
B.remains to be proved with more scientific evidences
C.is an indubitable issue not to be challenged by anybody
D.is going to bring about more serious damage than a war
3.”This type of rhetoric“in the beginning of Paragraph 4 refers to______.
A.the ideal that one anti—heresy crusader has been fighting for
B.what David Roberts said in his.blog about global—warming skeptics
C.the relationship between global-warming skeptics and war criminals
D.the quixotic attitude taken by a well-known global warming proponent
4.It can be inferred from the text that Vin Suprynowicz______.
A.sides with David Roberts on the issue of global warmin9
B.disagrees with what the British foreign secretary has said
C.views the present battle against climate change as a global war
D.eagerly expects numerous casualties caused by global warming
5.The author suggests that，facing the challenge from the skeptics，global warming proponents should______.
A.do away with it as best they can
B.ignore it totally and permanently
C.manage to #e to terms with it
D.try their best to stifle it in its infancy [NextPage] 难句透析
①The view[that human industrial and other economic activity isⅢfilling the air with carbon dioxide and causing the planet'S temperature tO rise]“is taught tO nearly all the nation'S children and”has been for years.
【结构】方括号所标示的“that human industrial…tO rise”是“view”的同位语从句，其中，谓语动词是现在进行时，有两个并列的现在分词“fillin9”和“causin9”。主句的主语是“the view”，有两个并列的谓语动词“is taught”和“has been”。
【释义】人类的工业生产和其他经济活动把二氧化碳向大气中排放，造成地球这颗行星温度升高。多年以来，全世界几乎每个国家的儿童都受到这种观点的教育。
②In all of this，it is only very rarely admitted [that climate is an intensely #plex SUbieet in general]，[that climate-change science in particular is still in its infancy]，and [that，though many respected scientists believe the standard model tO be correct，many other respected scientists disagree].
【结构】“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是用上标数字标出的三个用“that”引导的、并列的主语从句。
【释义】在整个这一过程中，人们却很少承认：气候总体来说是个极其复杂的学科；特别是，研究气候变化的学科依然处于婴儿期；虽然有很多受人尊重的科学家相信全球变暖的标准模式正确，但是还有许多受人尊重的科学家有不同看法。
③There have been calls recently“tO equate global—warming skeptics with Holocaust deniers and”tO have them punished as the equivalent of war criminals.
【结构】用上标数字标出的两个并列的动词不定式短语“tO equate…with…”和“tO have…punished…”是“calls”的后置定语。
【释义】最近，一直有人呼吁，把怀疑全球变暖等同于否认大屠杀，应该像惩罚战犯一样惩罚这些人。
④Columnist Vin Suprynowicz，editorial page editor for the Las Vegas Review-Journal，pointed OUt in a recent col umn [that“the British foreign secretary'has said （that skeptics should be treated like advocates of Islamic terror and denied access to the media）]and [that”European Union Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas told the BBC（that people should view the battle against climate change as a war…accepting the privations of a wartime econ～0my and expecting millions of casualties）。“]
【结构】本句是主从复合句。主句的主语是”Columnist Vin Suprynowicz“，谓语动词是”pointed out“，后面跟有用上标数字标出的两个并列的宾语从句。在方括号所标示的第一个宾语从句中，圆括号所标示的”that skeptics… the media“是”said“的宾语从句。在方括号所标示的第二个宾语从句中，圆括号所标示的”that people…casual-
ties“是”told“的宾语从句；破折号后面的两个并列的现在分词短语”acceptin9…and expecting…“起补说明作用。
【释义】温·休波诺维茨是一个专栏作家，是《拉斯韦加斯论坛》杂志的社论版编辑。他最近在一个专栏中提到，英国外交大臣曾说，对付怀疑全球变暖的人就应该像对付伊斯兰恐怖活动的鼓吹者一样，不允许他们的观点见诸媒体；他还提到，欧盟环境部长斯塔罗斯·迪玛斯对英国广播公司说过，人们应该把抵御气候变化当做一场战争来对待——接受战时经济的极度匮乏，准备承受成百上千万的人员伤亡。
⑤The first is[that it may signal recognition among some global—warming proponents（that skeptics have been in— creasingly successful at pointing out flaws in the accepted theory）].
【结构】方括号所标示的”that it may signal…accepted theory“是表语从句；其中，圆括号所标示的”that skeptics have been…accepted theory“是”recognition“的同位语从句。
【释义】应该考虑的第一点是，他们这样做可能表明：一些认为全球正在变暖的人们意识到，那些怀疑全球变暖的人，在指出公认理论所存在的缺陷方面，做得越来越成功了。
⑥The second point to consider，and one related tO the first，is[that the proper response tO calls to outlaw dissent is for the dissenters to very coolly and carefully persist in their arguments].
【结构】方括号所标示的”that the proper response…their arguments“是表语从句。在这个表语从句中，主语是”the proper response tO calls“；动词不定式短语”tO outlaw dissent“是”calls“的后置定语；带逻辑主语”for the dissenters“的动词不定式短语”tO very coolly and carefully persist…“用做表语。
【释义】应该考虑的第二点，与第一点也有关系，那就是，面对压制不同意见的呼声，最恰当的回应是，让那些持不同意见的人真正冷静地、认真地坚持参与辩论。
答案注释
1.第一段的第一句”It is worth noting that anyone even remotely skeptical of the standard model of global warming faces an almost insurmountably quixotic task“是该段的主题句。所以，选项D应为答案。
2.第二段以”David Roberts“在他一篇博客中所说的话为例，证明那些怀疑全球变暖的人所面临的巨大”effort to silence dissent“。所以，选项C应为答案。
3.第三段第一句”This type of rhetoric has not been confined tO just one anti heresy crusader“承上启下，总结第二 段，并点明第三段的主题。其中，”This type of rhetoric“指第二段中所引用的David Roberts的说法。所以，选项 B应为答案。
4.根据第三段第一句”This type of rhetoric has not been confined tO just one anti-heresy crusader“可知，Vin Suprynowicz和David Roberts一样，可称之为”anti—heresy crusader“。所以，选项A应为答案。
5.根据全文最后一句”…the proper response tO calls tO outlaw dissent is for the dissenters to very coolly and care fully persist in their arguments“可知，选项C应为答案。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
值得我们注意的是，无论谁，要想对现今流行的全球气候变暖的标准模式提出一丁点质疑，其难度之大，简直难以想象。人类的工业生产和其他经济活动把二氧化碳向大气中排放，造成地球这颗行星温度升高。多年以来，全世界几乎每个国家的儿童都受到这种观点的教育。并且这样的教育从初高中一直延续到大学。不同的报纸及晚间新闻等媒体都在反反复复地对这些观点大肆宣讲。气象频道以及有线电视的专题节目和纪录片都将这类话题作为自己节目的主题。在整个这一过程中，人们却很少承认：气候总体来说是个极其复杂的学科；特别是，研究气候变化的学科依然处于婴儿期；虽然有很多受人尊重的科学家相信全球变暖的标准模式是正确的，但是还有许多受人尊重的科学家有不同看法。
持怀疑看法的人们想要挑战权威面临的困难越来越大，因为压制不同意见的力量在逐步增强。最近，一直有人呼吁，把怀疑全球变暖等同于否认大屠杀，应该像惩罚战犯一样惩罚这些人。2006年9月19号，环境主义者大卫·罗伯特在他主办的环保杂志《谷粉））（Grist）的官方博客上写到：“现在正是人们刚刚开始认真看待全球变暖问题的时候，也正是我们刚刚开始遭受其影响并团结起来准备消除其影响的时候，我们应当把这些狗*****养的送上战犯法庭——进行一次环境问题的纽伦堡审判。”
这样的论调不是只出现在了这么一个反异端主义者的网站上。温·休波诺维茨是一个专栏作家，是《拉斯韦加斯论坛》杂志的社论版编辑。他最近在一个专栏中提到，英国外交大臣曾说，对付怀疑全球变暖的人就应该像对付伊斯兰恐怖活动的鼓吹者一样，不允许他们的观点见诸媒体；他还提到，欧盟环境部长斯塔罗斯·迪玛斯对英国广播公司说过，人们应该把抵御气候变化当做一场战争来对待一一接受战时经济的极度匮乏，准备承受成百上千万的人员伤亡。
至于为什么有那么多人要压制关于全球变暖说的讨论。有两点原因值得考虑。应该考虑的第一点是，他们这样做可能表明：一些认为全球正在变暖的人们意识到，那些怀疑全球变暖的人，在指出公认理论所存在的缺陷方面，做得越来越成功了。如果你知道自己快要在辩论中失势了，那何不转而批评对立阵营的特定人物甚至提议将对立阵营判为非法呢？应该考虑的第二点，与第一点也有关系，那就是，面对压制不同意见的呼声，最恰当的回应是，让那些持不同意见的人真正冷静地、认真地坚持参与辩论。
超纲词汇
quixotic 唐吉诃德式的，狂想家的
dissent n.异议，不同意，意见不一致
scramble n.爬行，攀援，抢夺，混乱
Nuremberg n.纽伦堡（德国城市名）
rhetoric n.华丽的文辞，花言巧语
Heresy n.异端，异教
Crusader n.十字军战士，改革者
stifle vt.使窒息，抑制
参考答案：1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C
