2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（146）
发布时间：2012/11/7 15:26:59 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
S0called“identity theft”occurs when a person pretends to be someone else（say that victim is you、 and a financial institution or government agency accepts as proof of identity the criminal's knowledge of your personal data--such as your Social Security account number or birth date.①This personal data is then treated like a“master password”that allows access to your accounts--or even allows for the creation of new accounts in your name.Obviously，so-called identity theft is not really a case of stolen identity， but is instead a case of impersonation.
To prevent ID fraud，government agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission glibly advise individuals to not disclose their personal data.As we all know，however，that advice is laughable.Most Americans are powerless to prevent disclosure of their personal data to strangers.Take，for example， employer benefits programs.The programs routinely use such data as an employee ID，Social Security account number，and birth date as the required keys to access the employees'accounts.Without disclosing such data to a stranger，who is frequently a person in a call center in a foreign country，many individuals can't even make appointments for routine dental checkups or eye exams.o Considering the growing popularity of #panies'relocating their call centers overseas，one can only imagine how much this trend wil“ncrease identity theft if unchecked.
Criminals can also access our personal data through other means. Wholesale dissemination（sometimes accidentally）of large amounts of personal data happens via government agencies，employers， and other businesses.This can take place through #puter backup tapes that are lost or retired without being erased，through the outsourcing of #puter operations jobs to people inside as well as outside of the United States，and through lax enforcement of immigration laws thereby allowing foreign criminals to obtain #puter jobs in America--just to name few.④In the state of Wisconsin recently a #pany printed the Social Security numbers of l71，000 citizens on 2006 tax booklets that were to be sent through the mail.The printing #pany is sent a list of Social Security numbers from the state each year.They are supposed to use parts of each taxpayer's confidential information to create an identifying code，but they erred.
Virtually every Tom，Dick，and Harry in America，along with numerous people in call centers in India and other foreign countries，have access to people's Social Security account numbers，birth dates， and other personal data.⑤Let's face it your personal data just isn't a secret anymore.[438 words]
1.The word”impersonation“at the end of the first paragraph most probably means the act of______.
A.stealing
B.imitating
C.pretending
D.counterfeiting
2.By sayin9”that advice is laughable“，the author means that______.
A.that advice is neither professional nor sensible
B.everyone has to disclose his personal data sometimes
C.the advices given by the government are rarely workable
D.government agencies are laughable in giving that advice
3.The example of employer benefits programs is given to show that______.
A.personal data are required to enjoy any social security program
B.there is much to be done to im!orove employer benefits programs
C.employer benefits programs will inevitably increase identity theft
D.the disclosure of personal data to strangers is inevitable for most people
4.Which of the following helps criminals easily obtain our personal data?
A.The strict enforcement of immigration laws.
B.The printing of the Social Security numbers.
C.The proliferation of #puter operation jobs.
D.The mishandling of used #puter backup tapes.
5.The author believes that nobody can keep his personal data secret because______.
A.one's personal information is easily accessible to many people
B.identity theft has been increasing much faster than ever before
C.personal information is needed to create an identifying code
D.more #panies have relocated their call centers overseas[NextPage] 参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A
难句透析
①S0—called“identity theft”occurs Ewhen“a person pretends tO be someone else（say that victim is you）and”a fi— nancial institution or government agency accepts ns proof of identity the criminal'S knowledge of your personal da— ta——such as your Social Security account number or birth date].
【结构】方括号所标示的“when a person pretends…birth date”是时间状语从句。这个从句是由“and”连接的两
个分句组成的并列句。在第二个分句中，谓语动词“accepts”与宾语“the criminal'S knowledge…birth date”被介词短语“as proof of identity”分割；破折号后面的部分补充说明其前面的“the criminal'S knowledge…data”。
【释义】倘若某人假装成他人（比如假装成你），而且，金融机构或者政府部门把犯罪分子使用的你的个人资料，比如社会保险账号或出生日期，当做了他的身份证明，就出现了所谓的“身份盗窃”。
②Without disclosing such data tO a stranger，[who is frequently a person in a call center in a foreign country]， many individuals can't even make appointments for routine dental checkups or eye exams.
【结构】方括号所标示的“who is…a person…country”是“stranger”的后置定语从句。
【释义】如果不把这样的个人资料告之陌生人，比如，国外某业务受理中心的工作人员，很多人甚至都无法预约例行的牙科或者眼科检查。
③Considering the growing popularity of #panies'relocating their call centers overseas，one can only imagine[how much this trend will increase identity theft if unchecked].
【结构】现在分词短语“Considering the growing popularity…overseas”用做状语。方括号所标示的“how much this trend…unchecked”是“imagine”的宾语从句。
【释义】鉴于越来越多的公司把其业务受理中心迁往海外，不难想象，如果缺少防范，这种趋势会使身份盗窃变得多么严重。
④This can take place“through #puter backup tapes[that are lost or retired without being erased]，”through the outsoureing of #puter operations jobs to people inside as well as outside of the United States，and“through lax enforcement of immigration laws[thereby allowing foreign criminals tO obtain #puter jobs in America]--j ust tO name few.
【结构】用逗号和”and“连接的三个介词短语用做状语。在第一个介词短语中，方括号所标示的”that are lost…
erased“是”tapes“的后置定语从句。在第三个介词短语中，方括号所标示的现在分词短语”thereby allowin9…in America“是”enforcement“的后置定语。
【释义】资料未经删除，就把计算机备份盘丢失或报废；把使用计算机的工作岗位外包给美国国内外的其他人；不严格执行移民法，使国外的犯罪分子获得美国的使用计算机的工作岗位等，就说这几条吧，都可能造成这种情况。⑤Virtually every Tom，Dick，and Harry in America，along with numerous people in call centers in India and other foreign countries，have access to people'SSocial Security account numbers，birth dates，and other personal data.
【结构】本句的主语是”Virtually every Tom，Dick，and Harry…and other foreign countries“，谓语是”have ticcess t0“。用上标数字所标示的三个并列的名词短语用做介词”t0“的宾语。
【释义】实际上，美国的任何人，汤姆、迪克或哈里，以及位于印度和其他国家的业务受理中心的无数工作人员，都能获得人们的社会保险账号、出生日期和其他个人资料。
答案注释
1.根据第一段第一句”S0called'identity theft'occurs when a person pretends to be someone else…“和最后一句 ”Obviously，s0—called identity theft is not really a case of stolen identity，but is instead a case of impersonation“可 知，选项C应为答案。
2.根据第二段第三句”Most Americans are powerless to prevent disclosure of their personal data to strangers“可知，选项B应为答案。
3.第二段第四、五句”Take，for example，employer benefits programs.The programs routinely use such data…as the required keys to access the employees'accounts“是用来说明第三句”Most Americans are powerless…tc strangers“的，所以，选项D应为答案。
4.根据第三段第三句”This can take place through #puter backup tapes that are lost or retired without being erased，…“可知，选项D应为答案。
5.根据第四段第一句”Virtually every…，along with numerous people…countries，have access to people's… personal data“可知，选项A应为答案。
全文翻译
倘若某人假装成他人（比如假装成你），而且，金融机构或者政府部门把犯罪分子使用的你的个人资料，比如社会保险账号或出生日期，当做了他的身份证明，就出现了所谓的”身份盗窃“。①这些个人信息被看做一个”万能密码“，可以用于开启你所有的账户一一甚至可以用来以你的名义开设一个新的账户。显而易见，所谓的”身份盗窃“并非是真的将你的身份盗走，而实际上是有人在假扮你。
为了防止身份被窃，诸如联邦贸易委员会等政府机构都会顺口提醒大家不要随意泄露自己的个人信息。但是就像大家都心知肚明的，这样的提醒实在是可笑之极。大多数的美国人都无法防止自己的个人信息外泄。举例来说，在向雇主申请福利待遇时就无法保密。福利项目需要经常定期地使用雇员编号、社会保险账号、以及出生日期等信息作为向雇员账户支付款项的重要凭据。如果不把这样的个人资料告之陌生人，比如，国外某业务受理中心的工作人员，很多人甚至都无法预约例行的牙科或者眼科检查。鉴于越来越多的公司把其业务受理中心迁往海外，不难想象，如果缺少防范，这种趋势会使身份盗窃变得多么严重。
犯罪分子们也可以通过其他的手段获取我们的个人信息。政府机构、雇主、还有一些其他的商业机构都曾出现过批量泄露（某些时候是由于疏忽大意）个人信息的事件。资料未经删除，就把计算机备份盘丢失或报废；把使用计算机的工作岗位外包给美国国内外的其他人；不严格执行移民法，使国外的犯罪分子获得美国的使用计算机的工作岗位等，就说这几条吧，都可能造成这种情况。回最近在威斯康辛州，就有一家公司将171000位公民的社会保险账号打印在了2006年税务手册中并通过邮件寄送了这些材料。打印公司每年都能从本州内的机构收到一份社会保险账号的清单。原本以为他们只用纳税人的部分保密信息来创建身份识别代码，但是他们却不是如此。 实际上，美国的任何人，汤姆、迪克或哈里，以及位于印度和其他国家的业务受理中心的无数工作人员，都能获得人们的社会保险账号、出生日期和其他个人资料……接受这个现实吧——你的个人信息已经不再是秘密了。
