2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（149）
发布时间：2012/11/7 15:29:50 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
The idea persists that in the American democracy everyone，regardless of condition，is expected to have a fair chance.Such is the tenet that underlay the establishment of the free，tax-supported #mon school and high sch001.As science pointed the way，the effort to bridge the gulf between the haves and have-nots presently extended to those with physical and mental handicaps.Most states and many cities have long since undertaken programs to teach the handicapped，though financially the going has been difficult.In l 9 5 8 Congress appropriated$1 million to help prepare teachers of mentally retarded children.Thenceforward，federal aid for the handicapped steadily increased.With the Education for AlI Handicapped Children Act of l975一and with corresponding legislation in states and #munities-- facilities，program development，teacher preparation，and employment training for the handicapped have advanced more rapidly and #prehensively than in any other period. Current refelrms aim to place handicapped children in the least restrictive environment and，where possible，t0“mainstream”them in regular schools and classes.
As the century began，American youths attended fin eight-year elementary school，whereupon those who continued went to a four-year high sch001.This“eight-four system''wholly prevailed until about 1910.when the”six-three-three system“made a modest beginnin9.Under the rearrangement，the pupil studied six years in the elementary and three in the j unior and senior high schools，respectively.Both systems are in use，there being almost the same number of four—year high schools and three-three junior- senior high school arrangements.There has been a change at the elementary-junior high connection to include a system in which children attend an elementary school for four or five years and then a middle sch001 for three or four years.。The rapid growth of preschool provisions，with the establishment of an immense body of early-childhood teachers，day-care workers， new”nannies“，producers of learning materials，and entrepreneurs，has secured the place of the kindergarten as an educational step for five- vear—olds and has made available a wide， but mainly nonpublie， network of education for younger children.
In l900 0nly a handful of the lower school's alumni—some 500，000--advanced into the high school .Of those who took their high-school diploma during this early period，some three out of every four entered c011ege.The ratio reversed，as high-school enrollments swelled l0一fold over the first 50 years of the century，with only one of every four high-school graduates going on to higher learnin9.As even more students finished high school（more than 75 percent by l980），demands for access to the post-secondary level increased until nearly half of all high-school graduates，or nearly one-third of the age group，were entering college.[439 wordsl
1.The first paragraph is written to introduce______.
A.the fundamental principle of American education
B.the Education for All Handicapped Children Act
C.the American education for handicapped children
D.the increasing financial aid for the handicapped
2.The urmerlined word”tenet“in the first paragraph most probably means______.
A.principle
B.origin
C.purpose
D.tenant
3.In the U.S.，the eight-year elementary school system______.
A.never prevailed until about 1910
B.has never been dominant
C.was #pletely replaced by the new”six-three-three system“about 1910
D.was the dominant educational system in the early years of the 20th century
4.In the middle of the 20th century，the percentage of the high-school graduates entering colleges in the U.S.is about______.
A.25 percent
B.33 percent
C.50 percent
D.75 percent
5.The author'S attitude toward the educational system in the U.S.is______.
A.enthusiastic
B.excited
C.impartial
D.impassive [NextPage] 参考答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C
难句透析
①With the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of l975--and。with corresponding legislation in states and #munities--facilities，program development，teacher preparation，and employment training for the hand— icapped have advanced more rapidly and #prehensively than in any other period.
【结构】在本句中，两个由“with”引导的介词短语并列，做状语；“facilities，program development…for the hand— icapped”为本句的主语。
【释义】l975年通过了《残疾儿童教育法案》，州和社区又通过了相关的立法，残疾儿童教育的各方面工作，如：办学设施、改善教育规划、培养教师以及就业培训，比任何其他时期都取得了更快、更全面的发展。
②There has been a change at the elementary-junior high connection to include a system[in which children attend1）an elementary school for four or five years and then“a middle school for three or four years].
【结构】其中，”in which“引导的定语从句修饰”system“；这个定语从句的谓语动词是”attend“；后面跟两个并列的宾语”an elementary school…“和”a middle school“。
【释义】小学和中学的衔接有一定变化。其中包括这样一种体制：儿童先上4或5年小学，再上3或4年中学。
③The rapid growth of preschool provisions，[with the establishment of an immense body of”early—childhood teach— ers.“daycare workers。3'new”nannies“，”producers of learning materials，and“entrepreneurs]，1 has secured the place of the kindergarten a5 an educational step for five-year～olds and。has made available a wide，but mainly non— public，network of education for younger children.
【结构】在本句中，主语是”The rapid growth“；谓语动词是并列的”has secured“和”has made“。在方括号所标示的”with“引导的介词短语中，有五个并列的名词短语做”an immense body of“的宾语。
【释义】为学龄前教育培养了大批幼儿教师、日托保育员、新式”奶妈“、教材供应商和企业家。学龄前教育条件的迅速改善确立了幼儿园的地位，幼儿园是儿童5岁时受教育的必经阶段。学龄前教育条件的迅速改善为幼儿提供了更广泛的、非公立的教育网。
④As even more students finished high school（more than 75 percent by l980），demands for access to the post—sec ondary level increased[until nearly half of all high-school graduates，or nearly one-third of the age group，were en— tering college].
【结构】本句主句的主语是”demands“；谓语动词是”increased“。
【释义】甚至有更多的学生读完中学（截止到1980年达75％以上），这样一来，就提高了对中学后教育的需求。最后发展到中学毕业生大约有一半人，或同龄人大约有三分之一都上了大学。
全文翻译
在美国的民主制度下，有一个理念是持久不变的，那就是不论个人的状况如何他都应该有一个平等的机会。也就是这祥的信条为建立自由、且由税收支持的普通学校和高中奠定了基础。科学指明了前进的道路，人们不仅努力消除贫富之间的界限，而且还努力帮助那些身心残疾的人。多数州和许多城市很早就启动了残疾人教育的专项，尽管这项工作一直以来都存在经费紧张的问题。在1958年，国会专门拨款l00万美元用于培训将成为智障儿童的教师的人。从那以后，联邦政府对残疾人的资助就逐年稳步增加。1975年通过了《残疾儿童教育法案》，州和社区又通过了相关的立法，残疾儿童教育的各方面工作，如：办学设施、改善教育规划、培养教师以及就业培训，比任何其他时期都取得了更快、更全面的发展。目前改革的目标，主要是想让残疾儿童能获得一个更加宽松的环境，并且如果可能的话，就让他们进入平常普通的学校和班级从而实现”主流化“。
