2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（158）
发布时间：2012/11/7 15:39:49 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
In recent years，we have all watched the increasing #mercialization of the campus.The numerous advertising posters and the golden arches of fast food outlets may be an affront to our aesthetic sensibilities，but they are，arguably，no worse than ugly.Some of the other new features of #mercialized campus lire d0，however，constitute a serious threat to things we rightly revere.“Privatization”and the“business model”are the potential menace.
What do these notions mean?To me。they involve an increased dependence on industry and philanthropy for operating the university；an increased amount of our resources being directed to applied or so-called practical subj ects，both in teaching and in research；fl proprietary treatment of research results，with the #mercial interest in secrecy overriding the public's interest in free，shared knowledge；and an attempt to run the university more like a business that treats industry and students as clients and ourselves as service providers with something to sell.o We pay increasing attention to the immediate needs and demands of our“customers”and，as the old saying goes，the customer is always right.
Privatization is particularly frightening from the point of view of public well-bein9.A researcher employed by fl university-affiliated hospital in Canada，working under contract with a pharmaceutical #pany，made public her findings that a particular drug was harmful.This violated the terms of her contract，and so she was fired.Her dismissal caused a scandal，and she was subsequently reinstated. The university and hospital in question are now working OUt something akin to tenure for hospital-based researchers and guidelines for contracts，so that more public disclosure of privately funded research will be#e Dossible.This is a rare victory and a small step in the right direction，but the general trend is the other waY.Thanks to profit-driven private fundin9，researchers are not only forced to keep valuable information secret，theY are often contractually obliged to keep discovered dangers to public health under wraDs，t00.Of course，we must not be too naive about this.Governments can unwisely insist on secrecy,t00，as did the British Ministry of Agriculture，Fisheries，and Food in the work they funded in connection with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic.This prevented others from reviewing the relevant data and pointing out that problems were more serious than government was letting on.[387 words]
1.From the first paragraph we can learn that the campus life has be#e______.
A.more convenient
B.rather ugly
C.somewhat harmful
D.no more aesthetic than before
2.The author believes that we should pay______.
A.more attention to the immediate needs and demands of our customers
B.due attention to the public interest in free，shared knowledge
C.1ittle attention to applied subjects
D.considerable attention to the #mercial interest in the secrecy of research results，#祝你元旦快乐！
3.The researcher mentioned in the third paragraph was fired because______.
A.she worked for a pharmaceutical #pany
B.she was obliged to keep her discoveries secret
C.she failed to keep her research results secret
D.she #mitted herself to a contract with a #pany
4.It is implied in the passage that______.
A.the general public is too naive to accept the“privatization”
B.it is a general trend that there will be more public disclosure of privately funded research
C.the notion that“the customer is always right”is out of date
D.the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in Britain was more serious than what was disclosed
5.The author argues for______.
A.public disclosure of privately funded research
B.profit—driven private funding
C.the cooperation of universities and hospitals
D.the increasing #merdahzation of the campus
超纲词汇
Affront vt.／n.公开侮辱，轻蔑
Skin 同族的，类似的
Benchmark 基准
bovine 迟钝的，牛的，耐心的
diagnosis n.诊断
disqualify vt.使丧失资格
encephalopathy n.脑疖旨
menace v.／n.威胁
override vt.／n.制服，践踏，不顾；代理佣金
phiIanthropy n.慈善事业
reinstate v.恢复
scandal n.丑行，丑闻，诽谤，流言蜚语
spongilorm adj.海绵状的，与海绵同类的
secrecy n.秘密，保密
tenure n.（土地等的）使用，占用；（土地）使用期限 [NextPage] 参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A
难句透析
①The numerous advertising posters and the golden arches of fast food outlets may be an affront tO our aesthetic sensibilities，but they are，arguably，no worse than ugly.
【结构】本句是一个由“but”连接成的并列句。第一个分句的主语是：“…posters and…arches…”；第二个分句的主语“they”指的就是第一个分句的主语；“no worse than”的意思是：实际和…一样。
【释义】到处张贴的广告数不胜数，金色招牌的快餐店随处可见，这对我们的美感简直成了公开的挑衅；不过，也可以把这些仅仅看做丑陋现象。
②To me，they involve[an increased dependence on industry and philanthropy for operating the university]；[an increased amount of our resources（being directed tO applied or s0—called practical SUhiects，hoth in teaching and in research）]；a proprietary treatment of research results，（with the #mercial interest in secrecy overriding the public'S interest in free，shared knowledge）]；and an attempt to run the university more like a business（that treats industry and students as clients and ourselves as service providers with something tO sell）].
【结构】在本句中，谓语动词“involve”后面跟有四个并列的宾语成分，之间用分号连接起来；被动形式的现在分词短语“being directed…”用做后置定语，修饰“0ur resources”；由“with”引导的独立主格结构“with…overriding…”补充说明“treatment”；由“that”引导的定语从句“that…to sell”用做后置定语，修饰“business”。
【释义】对我来说，这些观念意味着：越来越依靠企业和慈善事业来办大学；无论教学还是科研，都把越来越多的资源用于应用学科或所谓的实用学科；私人占有研究成果，出于商业利益对研究成果保密，践踏公众获得知识的自由，以及共享知识的正当权益；力图把大学办得更商业化，把企业和学生看做顾客，而把自己看做服务的供应商，出售商品。
③A researcher（employed by a university—affiliated hospital in Canada），（working under contract with a pharma ceutical #pany），made public her findings[that a particular drug was harmful].
【结构】在本句中，过去分词短语“employed…Canada”和现在分词短语“workin9…#pany”用做后置定语，修饰“researcher”；方括号标示的“that…”是“findings”的同位语从句。
【释义】加拿大某大学附属医院的一名研究人员与一家医药公司签订合同，为其工作。她发现某种药物有害，并把这个研究结果公之于众。
④The university and hospital in question are now working out something（akin tO tenure for hospital based re searchers）and“guidelines for contracts。 so that more public disclosure of privately funded research will be#e possible].
【结构】在本句中，”in question“的意思是：正被讨论的；形容词短语”akin t0…“用做后置定语。修饰”somethin9“；”SO that“引导目的状语从旬。
【释义】上述的大学和医院正在制定有关医院工作人员研究成果所有权的规定，以及签订合同的原则，以便有可能把由私人机构资助所获得的研究成果更多地公之于众。
⑤Governments can unwisely insist on secrecy，t00，aS did the British Ministry of Agriculture，Fisheries，and Food in the work[they funded in connection with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic].
【结构】在本句中，”as“引导的状语从句中的主语太长，采用主谓倒装法，把”did“放在主语前面；方括号标示的”they…epidemic“用做后置定语从句，修饰”the work“。
【释义】政府也可能愚蠢地坚持对研究成果实行保密。正如英国农业、渔业和食品部对他们资助的有关牛脑海绵体流行病的研究所做的那样。
全文翻译
近年来，我们都目睹了大学校园高度商业化的过程。到处张贴的广告数不胜数，金色招牌的快餐店随处可见，这对我们的美感简直成了公开的挑衅；不过，也可以将这些仅仅看做丑陋现象。①然而，商业化的大学生活其他一些新的特点对我们满怀崇敬的一些东西构成了严重的威胁。”私有化“以及”商业模式“就是潜在的危险。
这两种观念怎么理解？对我来说，这些观念意味着：越来越依靠企业和慈善事业来办大学；无论教学还是科研，都把越来越多的资源用于应用学科或所谓的实用学科；私人占有研究成果，出于商业利益对研究成果保密，践踏公众获得知识的自由，以及共享知识的正当权益；力图把大学办得更商业化，把企业和学生看做顾客，而把自己看做服务的供应商，出售商品。我们日益关注”顾客们“的即时需要和需求，正如一句老话所说，顾客总是对的。 从公众的利益考虑，私有化特别令人恐慌。加拿大某大学附属医院的一名研究人员与一家医药公司签订合同，为其工作。她发现某种药物有害，并把这个研究结果公之于众。③这种做法违反了合同的规定，所以她被解雇了。她的遭遇引出了丑闻，随后她又恢复原职。上述的大学和医院正在制定有关医院工作人员研究成果所有权的规定，以及签订合同的原则，以便有可能把由私人机构资助所获得的研究成果更多地公之于众。④这是为数不多的一次胜利，是朝着正确方向迈进的一小步，但是大方向却背道而驰。由于接受了唯利是图的私人赞助，研究人员不仅被迫对有价值的信息保密，受到合同规定的压力他们还要对已经发现对公众健康构成危害的威胁三缄其口。当然，我们也不要太不切实际。政府也可能愚蠢地坚持对研究成果实行保密，正如英国农业、渔业和食品部对他们资助的有关牛脑海绵体流行病的研究所做的那样。这样做可以防止别人检查相关数据并指出问题要比政府所透露的更加严重。
