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2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练(160)
发布时间:2012/11/7 15:40:37 来源:城市网学院 编辑:admin
   Directions :
    In the foilowing text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions l-5,choose the most suitable one from the list A,G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.
    For the endangered North Atlantic right whale,these are trying times.These leviathans who live and migrate in waters along the East Coast of North America teeter closer to the brink of extinction than perhaps any other whale species.①Their population is tiny一1ess than 350—and continues to shrink.(1) ______.
    Yet for scientists and conservationists anxious about the future of these creatures,rays of hope are beginning to pierce an otherwise gloomy horizon.。Thanks to a surge of scientific research and new tools for conducting it,they expect to learn far more about right whales,their interaction with the environment,and how to better protect them from their biggest threat:man.(2) ______.
    For the right whales,the leading causes of mortality are collisions with ships and encounters with fishing gear,researchers say.④Females appear to have the toughest time surviving the range of human and natural threats.It's these challenges scientists hope to address with a growing momentum in right- whale research.
    (3)——。Conservationists are working with governments and the shipping industry to move or control traffic on heavily used sea lanes that ships and whales share.And recent research is yielding potentially useful insights into the impact of factors ranging from water quality to shifts in climate.
    “I'm not much of a Pollyanna;I can be very grumpy about the progress of right—whale biology and conservation,”says Scott Kraus,director of research at the New England Aquarium in Boston.But“in the next couple of years we're going to see a tremendous burst of very creative scientific energy”applied to fundamental biological and ecological questions surrounding the whales.
    “When those questions get answered,we're going to have very specific ideas about what management strategies will reduce mortality and perhaps enhance reproduction,”he says.⑦
    (4) ______.In principle,preventin9“two female deaths a year would have a major impact on the prospects for the population,”says Hal Caswell。a marine zoologist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Woods Hole,Mass。
    (5) ______.
    From l 500 t0 1 600,Basque whalers decimated right-whale populations in the eastern Atlantic, taking an estimated 25,000 t0 40,000.In the late l600s,by some accounts。it would have been possible to walk across Cape Cod Bay on the backs of whales.But by the mid-1 700s,New Englanders had taken another 3,000,Mr.Kraus says.By the early 20th century。“0nly a few dozen whales survived in the western North Atlantic.''
    [A]If they can save a population this small,then it could boost hopes of saving other species from the unintended impact of humans on the environment.
    [B]Yet achieving that means untangling a web of intertwined human and environmental factors that contribute to the whales'plight.④The one factor that weighs most heavily is human.
    [C]In addition,researchers are exploring a number of acoustic approaches to avoiding ship—whale collisions.One technique scientists hope to test later this month involves the use of moored buoys that use passive sonar systems to listen for whales.
    [D]To an outsider,the goal looks deceivingly within reach.The population is so small that it would take only modest pains in saving whales to help turn the situation around.
    [E] That population had slowly rebuilt.Over the past 20 years,researchers have built an impressive collection of 250,000 photos--a catalog of some 460 North Atlantic right whales.Each animal bears unique growths of hardened skin,or callosities,in places where hair would appear on humans.The callosity patterns act as visual tags,allowing researchers to follow the whales'life history.
    [F]Later this month,for example,researchers are set to test new approaches to tracking the elusive whales in hopes of alerting ships to their presence.Meanwhile,chemists and engineers are developing whale-friendly #mercial-fishing gear.
    [G]By some estimates,if current population trends hold,the species will vanish within the next 200 years.[645 words]
    超纲词汇
    Acoustic 有关声音的,声学的,音响学的
    aquarium n.养鱼池,玻璃缸,水族馆
    Basque n.巴斯克人(语)
    Brink n.(峭岸、崖的)边缘
    buoy n.(湖、河等中的)浮标,浮筒,救生圈
    callosity n.无情,冷酷,硬结,老茧皮
    cape n.海角,岬
    catalog n.目录,目录册
    conservationist n.(天然资源的)保护管理论者
    decimate vt.每十人杀一人,大批杀害
    elusive 难懂的,难捉摸的,易忘的
    extinction n.消失,消灭,废止,[物]消光
    gear n.工具,用具
    grumpy adj.脾气坏的,性情乖戾的
    intertwine v.(使)纠缠,(使)缠绕
    leviathan n.(《圣经》中象征邪恶的)海中怪兽,巨物
    marine 海的,海产的,航海的,船舶的
    moor 停泊,固定,系住
    mortality n.死亡率
    outsider n.外来者,外人;会外人,党外人
    plight n.情况,状态,困境,盟誓(婚姻)
    Pollyanna ]n.盲目乐观的人
    right whale咒。露脊鲸
    Sonar n.声呐,声波定位仪
    surge n.巨涌,汹涌,澎湃
    teeter 步履蹒跚,摇摇欲坠
    untangle v.解开
    zoologist n.动物学家[NextPage]     参考答案:1.G 2.A 3.F 4.D 5.B
    难句透析
    ①These leviathans Cwho live and migrate in waters along the East Coast of North America]teeter closer to the brink of extinction than perhaps any other whale species.
    【结构】方括号所标示的后置定语从句修饰“leviathans”。“closer…than…”构成比较状语从句。
    【释义】这些大鲸鱼生活、活动在北美东海岸的水域中,这些大鲸鱼可能比其它种类的鲸鱼更接近灭绝的边缘。
    ②Yet for scientists and conservationists[-anxious about the future of these creatures],rays of hope are beginning tO pierce an otherwise gloomy horizon.
    【结构】方括号所标示的部分是形容词短语,用做后置定语,修饰“scientists and conservationists”。本句的主语是“rays of hope”。
    【释义】然而,对于那些为这些鲸鱼的前景感到焦虑的科学家和自然资源保护学家来说,本来可能十分阴暗的天空开始闪现出希望之光。
    ③Thanks tO a surge of scientific research and new tools for conducting it,they expect tO learn far more about right whales.their interaction with the environment.And how to better protect them from their biggest threat:man.
    【结构】 本句中的“it”指“scientific research”;“they”指上句中的“scientists and conservationists”。数字符号 所标示的部分是介词“about”的三个并列的宾语成分。
    【释义】正是由于进行了大量的科学研究,并且使用了新的研究手段,这些科学家和自然资源保护学家期望对露脊鲸、 对露脊鲸与环境的交互作用以及对如何保护露脊鲸不受到其最大的威胁者——人类——的危害,能有更多的了解。
    ④For the right whales,the leading causes of mortality are collisions with ships and encounters with fishing gear,researchers say.
    【结构】在本句中,数字符号所标示的部分是两个并列的名词词组,用做表语。
    【释义】研究人员说,影响露脊鲸死亡率的主要原因是轮船的撞击和捕鱼设施对其造成的伤害。
    ⑤It's these challenges(that)scientists hope to address with a growing momentum in right—whale research.
    【结构】本句可以看做是“It is…that…”形式的强调句型,其中“that”被省略了。
    【释义】在研究露脊鲸过程中,科学家希望用更大力量解决的正是这些难题。
    ⑥But“in the next couple of years we're going to see a tremendous burst of very creative scientific energy”[applied to fundamental biological and ecological questions(surrounding the whales)].
    【结构】方括号所标示过去分词短语,用做后置定语,修饰“a tremendous burst of very creative scientific energy”。 圆括号所标示现在分词短语,用做后置定语,修饰“questions”。
    【释义】但是,“在今后几年,我们会看到巨大的、极具创造性的科学力量”将致力于与鲸鱼有关的基础生物学和生 态学方面问题的研究。
    ⑦“When those questions get answered,we're going to have very specific ideas about[-what management strategies will‘”reduce mortality and perhaps enhance reproduction],“he says.
    【结构】方括号所标示的部分是介词”about“的宾语从句。数字符号所标示的两个动词是从句的谓语。
    【释义】回答这些问题之后,对于运用什么管理策略可以减少鲸鱼的死亡率、并且或许可以提高鲸鱼的繁殖能力, 我们就会获得非常明确的想法。
    ③Yet achieving that means untangling a web of intertwined human and environmental factors[that contribute to the whales'plight].
    【结构】本句主语是动名词短语”achieving that“,其中”that“指上文提到的某项任务。本句宾语是动名词短语 ”untanglin9…“。方括号所标示的部分是”factors“的后置定语从句。
    【释义】不过,要达到此目的,那就意味着要破解造成鲸鱼困境的人类和环境因素相互交织而成的罗网。
    ⑨One technique[scientists hope to test later this month]involves the use of moored buoys[that use passive sonar systems to listen for whales].
    【结构】第一个方括号所标示的部分是”0ne technique“的后置定语从句。第二个方括号所标示的部分是”moored buoys“的后置定语从句。
    【释义】科学家希望此后在本月内检测一项技术。这项技术涉及使用固定在一定位置的浮标,浮标上使用被动型 的声呐装置对鲸鱼监听。
    全文翻译
    对于濒危的北大西洋露脊鲸来说,现在是艰难岁月。这些大鲸鱼生活、活动在北美东海岸的水域中,这些大鲸鱼可能比其它种类的鲸鱼更接近灭绝的边缘。数量已经很少,不足350头,而且还在不断减少。(1) ______
    然而,对于那些为这些鲸鱼的前景感到焦虑的科学家和自然资源保护学家来说,本来可能十分阴暗的天空开始闪现出希望之光。②正是由于进行了大量的科学研究,并且使用了新的研究手段,这些科学家和自然资源保护学家期望对露脊鲸、对露脊鲸与环境的交互作用以及对如何保护露脊鲸不受到其最大的威胁者——人类——的危害,能有更多的了解。(2) ______
    研究人员说,影响露脊鲸死亡率的主要原因是轮船的撞击和捕鱼设施对其造成的伤害。雌性露脊鲸的生存受到了人类和大自然最大的威胁。在研究露脊鲸的过程中,科学家希望用更大力量解决的正是这些难题。
    (3) ______自然资源保护学家正与政府和航运业协商对船只和鲸鱼共用航道的交通进行调整或者控制。最近的研究有可能对各项因素的影响有深入的分析,这些因素包括水质还有气候的变化。
    波士顿新英格兰水族馆研究主任斯科特·克劳斯表示,我并不是盲目乐观;我会对露脊鲸的生物学和保护的研究进程感到焦躁不安。但是,”在今后几年,我们会看到巨大的、极具创造力的科学力量“将致力于与鲸鱼有关的基础生物学和生态学方面问题的研究。
    他说:”回答这些问题之后,对于运用什么管理策略可以减少鲸鱼的死亡率、并且或许可以提高鲸鱼的繁殖能力,我们就会获得非常明确的想法。“
    (4) ______ 美国麻省伍兹霍尔海洋研究所一位海洋生物学家哈尔·卡斯维尔表示,原则上,每年防止两头雌性露脊鲸死亡会对鲸鱼数量的前景有很大的影响。
    (5) _______1500年到l600年间,巴斯克捕鲸者在东大西洋大批杀戮露脊鲸,数量估计在25000到40000之间。17世纪末期,据某些历史记录,坐在鲸鱼的背上穿越鳕岬湾都是可能发生的。克劳斯先生说,但是,在18世纪中期,新英格兰的捕鲸者又杀了3000头鲸鱼。在20世纪初叶,北大西洋西部仅有几十头鲸鱼存活着。
    [A]如果他们能够保护好这么少数量的鲸鱼,那么就会燃起保护环境中其他受到人类无意识冲击的种群的希望。
    [B]不过,要达到此目的,那就意味着要破解造成鲸鱼困境的人类和环境因素相互交织而成的罗网。最具影响力的是人为的因素。
    [C]另外,研究人员正在采用许多声学手段来避免轮船和鲸鱼相撞。科学家希望此后在本月内检测一项技术。这项技术涉及使用固定在一定位置的浮标,浮标上使用被动型的声呐装置对鲸鱼监听。
    [D]对于外人来说,这个目标看起来很容易达到。鲸鱼的数量这么少,要保护好鲸鱼根本无需付出很大的努力就 可以扭转局势。
    [E]鲸鱼的数量慢慢开始回升了。在过去20年里,研究人员已经建立了一个令人吃惊的资料库,共收集了250000张图片,对北大西洋460头露脊鲸进行了记录。每一头鲸鱼身上都长有与众不同的硬皮肤或老茧,而人体的这些地方会有毛发生长。老茧的类型就像视觉标签,让研究人员可以跟踪鲸鱼的成长历程。
    [F]本月晚些时候,例如,研究人员将试用新的手段跟踪神出鬼没的鲸鱼,希望能够提醒船只注意鲸鱼的出现。同时,化学家和工程师正在研制鲸鱼友好型商业捕捞装置。
    [G]据一些估计数据表示,如果目前的数量走向停止,该种群会在未来200年内彻底灭绝。
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