2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（162）
发布时间：2012/11/7 15:42:34 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Were the Ottoman rulers of the Balkans tyrants，or relatively benign protectors?The first，of course，in the history that most Serbian，Greek or Bulgarian children have long been taught.For them， the centuries of Ottoman rule constituted a dark night of oppression of Christians who retained their faith and culture only by tenacity and cunning--until the time came to throw off the oppressors and live happily ever after.①
In Turkey，and among the Muslims of Bosnia，Balkan history is viewed from the opposite side of the looking-glass.Compared with most regimes in western Europe，the Ottomans were generous and tolerant towards minority religions and languages--until their ungrateful Balkan subjects rose up and slaughtered every Muslim in sight.
More recently，there is the sensitive issue of how the people of Yugoslavia responded to Nazism. Was Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac，spiritual leader of Croatia's Catholics，an unabashed supporter of a murderous fascist regime，as #munist Yugoslavia said?Or was he a saintly fighter for religious freedom，as the Vatican now insists?
Many grown-up historians would say that，on questions like these，there is room for reasonable people to disagree--and that the truth might lie somewhere in the middle.Now，for the first time，the children of south-eastern Europe may be getting a chance to see history from more than one point of view. After seven years'work by scholars from around the region.a set of“objective”history manuals— on the Ottoman era。the Balkan wars of 1912—13 and the second world war—have been produced（and are now being translated into ten languages）by the Centre for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe.a Salonika-based think-tank.④Education authorities in KOSOVO and Croatia are keenly interested，but the first country to incorporate the books into its school system is Serbia.Its education minister，Slobodan Vuksanovic，says that they are the first teaching materials he is not ashamed to show to his teenaged daughter.
The authors say they have had a warm response from teachers all over the region.But presenting history from more than one viewpoint is still a hard sell.For #munist teachers，the villains are always fascists and feudal overlords.According to nationalist history，a whole nation--rich and poor，landlord and peasant--rises against a bad regime（and its local lackeys）and heroically prevails.Even if neither story turns out to be true，or even half-true，children still want to know：who were the bad guys?[410 words]
1.In the eyes of most Balkan children，the Ottoman rulers in the history were______.
A.monarchists
B.malign tyrants
C.protectors of Christians
D.both tenacious and cunning
2.The Muslims of Bosnia think that the Ottomans were to their tradition and culture.
A.ungrateful
B.cruel and inhuman
C.#paratively generous
D.in#parably tolerant
3.In the author's opinion，Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac was .
A.a radical Nazi
B.a controversial figure
C.a supporter of fascist regime
D.a fighter for religious freedom
4.It can be learned from the text that.
A.historical figures are neither bad nor good
B.nationalist history is more objective than #munist's
C.history presented objectively can hardly be accepted
D.history is usually presented from the viewpoints of rulers
5.Balkan children feel that the new history books are somewhat.
A.perplexing
B.objective
C.subjective
D.partial
超纲词汇
Cardinal n.（天主教）红衣主教，枢机主教
Balkan adj.巴尔干半岛的
Unabashed adj.不害羞的
Vatican n.梵蒂冈，罗马教廷
Feudal adj.封建的，封建制度的
Reconciliation n.和解，调和，顺从
villain n.坏人，反面角色
Christian n.基督徒，信徒
tenacity n.坚韧
Croatia 克罗地亚（南斯拉夫成员共和国名）
Benign n.良性的，慈祥的，宽厚的
hard sell强行推销
Salonika n.萨洛尼卡（希腊中北部港市，临萨洛尼卡湾）
Saintly 圣洁的
Catholic n.天主教徒
Slaughter 屠杀，杀戮
Ungrateful 忘恩负义的，不领情的，不感谢的
Lackeys n.走狗
Overlord n.最高领主，霸主
cunning n.狡猾，诡诈 [NextPage] 参考答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A
难句透析
①For them，the centuries of ottoman rule constituted a dark night of oppression of Christians[who retained their faith and culture only by tenacity and cunning--（until the time came to throw off the oppressors）and live happily ever after].
【结构】方括号所标示的“wh0…ever after”是“Christians”的后置定语从句。破折号后面的方括号所标示的“until…oppressors”是时间状语从句，是对“wh0…cunnin9”的进一步说明。
【释义】对于他们来说，奥斯曼帝国长达几百年的统治是残酷压迫基督教徒的腥风血雨。基督教徒只能通过毅力以及谋略来保存自己的信仰和文化，直到推翻了奥斯曼帝国统治之后他们从此才过上了幸福的生活。
②[-Compared with most regimes in western Europe]，the Ottomans were generous and tolerant towards minority religions and languages--[until their ungrateful Balkan SUhjects rose up and slaughtered every Muslim in sight].
【结构】方括号所标示的过去分词短语“Compared with…Europe”用做状语。破折号后面的方括号所标示的“until…Balkan SUbjeets…in sight”是时间状语从句，是对主句的进一步说明。
【释义】与西欧大多数政权相比，奥斯曼统治者显得很大度，对弱势的宗教及语言群体持宽容态度。直到奥斯曼帝国毫不领情的巴尔干子民揭竿起义，对穆斯林信徒见一个杀一个。
③Many grown—up historians would say“[-that，on questions like these，there is room for reasonable people to disa— greeJ--and”[that the truth might lie somewhere in the middle].
【结构】用破折号和“and”连接的两组方括号所标示的部分是“say”的两个并列的宾语从句。
【释义】很多成熟的历史学家表示，就这样一些问题而言，对于那些通情达理的人们有商榷的余地，而历史的真相可能介于两种描述的折中部分。
④After seven years'work by scholars from around the region，a set of“ob]ective”history manuals--on the Ott0— man era，the Balkan wars of l912—13 and the second world war--have been produced（and are now being translated into ten languages）by the Centre for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe，a Salonika—based think— tank.
【结构】本句是简单句，其主语是“a set of”objective“history manuals”，谓语动词是“have been produced”。破折号之间的部分是对“history manuals”的补充说明。
【释义】经过这个地区学者7年研究之后，位于萨洛尼卡的智囊团东南欧民主和调解中心编写了一套“客观的”历史教材（这套教材正在被翻译成10种语言），其内容涉及奥斯曼帝国时代、1912年至1913年的巴尔干战争和第二次世界大战。
全文翻译
当年统治巴尔干地区的奥斯曼人是专制的独裁者呢，或者相对来说是仁慈的保护者呢？当然，塞尔维亚人、希腊人或者保加利亚儿童长期接受的历史教育中说的是前者。对于他们来说，奥斯曼帝国长达几百年的统治是残酷压迫基督教徒的腥风血雨。基督教徒只能通过毅力以及谋略来保存自己的信仰和文化，直到推翻了奥斯曼帝国统治之后他们从此才过上了幸福的生活。
土耳其国内以及波斯尼亚的穆斯林则从另一个相反的角度看待巴尔干地区的历史。与西欧大多数政权相比，奥斯曼统治者显得很大度，对弱势的宗教及语言群体持宽容态度。直到奥斯曼帝国毫不领情的巴尔干子民揭竿起义，对穆斯林信徒见一个杀一个。②
最近，南斯拉夫人如何看待纳粹引起了人们的关注。克罗地亚天主教的精神领袖，同时也是凶残的法西斯政权忠实支持者的南斯拉夫斯特皮纳奇枢机主教是否如南斯拉夫共产党所描述的那样呢？又或者他是如现在梵蒂冈所述的为宗教自由而战的圣斗士？
很多成熟的历史学家表示，就这样一些问题而言，对于那些通情达理的人们有商榷的余地，而历史的真相可能介于两种描述的折中部分。如今，南欧的儿童可能首次有机会从多个角度了解历史。
经过这个地区学者7年研究之后，位于萨洛尼卡的智囊团东南欧民主和调解中心编写了一套“客观的”历史教材（这套教材正在被翻译成10种语言），其内容涉及奥斯曼帝国时代、1912年至1913年的巴尔干战争和第二次世界大战……科索沃和克罗地亚的教育部门很感兴趣，但是先将该书并入学校教育教材的国家却是塞尔维亚。该国的教育部长Slobodan Vuksanovic表示，这些是第一本他自己不为之感到羞愧而推荐给他十几岁女儿的教材。
该书的作者表示他们已经收到了该地区很多教师的热烈回应。但是，多角度展示历史的教材仍然难以受到大家的欢迎。对于信奉共产主义的教师来说，坏人总是法西斯以及封建领主。根据国家历史记载，整个民族——无论贫富，地主雇农——都会反抗腐败政权（及其地方傀儡），并受到英雄般的赞赏。尽管两种说法都不是历史全部真相，或者一半真实，孩子们仍然想知道：坏人究竟是谁？
