2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（165）
发布时间：2012/11/7 15:45:29 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Directions：
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about some tips for learning to read a foreign language. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph（1-5）。There are two extra headings which you do not need to use.
[A]Look up words，but not every word
[B]Sound out the language as you are reading it
[C]Make sure the text is big enough
[D] Learn something about the cuhure in which the language developed[E]Read something that's fun
[F] Take breaks
[G]When reading a new author，go more slowly in the first few pages
Let's suppose you've studied the basics of a foreign language and now wish to be#e more fluent in reading it.What do you do?
As l've studied several foreign languages over the years，I've discovered some strategies that help.
1.（ ）When learning to read a foreign language we should remember that every real tongue（as opposed to a constructed language，like Esperanto）is first and foremost a spoken form of #munication.①Every foreign language was spoken for many years before it was written down.There's good reason to believe that the spoken word #es more easily to us than the written page.When a person reads a foreign language out loud，it slows the pace down，and makes the reader pay more attention to each word；It helps us distinguish very similar words，and prevents us from skipping over those little words that are sometimes easy to miss when learning to read a foreign language.
2.（ ）This may sound pretty basic。but I discovered as l was learning to read a foreign language that text sizes that are easy to read in English are harder to read in，say，Greek or Spanish.④0f course，if you are having an extreme problem，the first thing you might want to do is have your eyes checked.But if that is not the problem，while you are learning to read in a foreign language you may wish to select books with slightly larger text or to use reading glasses，even if you do not usually use them.④
3.（ ）Of course if you are learning to read in a foreign language you want to have a good dictionary of the foreign language you are trying to learn.But contrary to popular belief，when learning a foreign language，it's not always necessary to look up every word you don't know.For example，if you are only unfamiliar with one word in a phrase you are readin9，but the meaning is clear from the context，it may not be necessary to reach for the dictionary.Let the context be your guide.Most of us，when we are learning to read our native tongues，do not look up every word，and the same applies as we are learning a foreign language.
4.（ ）Even when we are reading our native languages，it's easy to see that authors have favorite words and phrases and their own particular styles.As you are learning to read a foreign language you will see that the same principle applies.Once you have looked up a few of the writer's favorite words。and once you have gotten used to his or her idiosyncrasies，it will be#e easier to read a text written in a foreign language.
5.（ ）Even in English，when the author writes about something entirely outside of our own experience，it can be difficult to understand what he or she is sayin9.⑤If you study the culture of the foreign language you are trying to learn it will give the language context.When trying to read an article about contemporary Mexico in Spanish，I came across several passages about conflicts between the different ethnic groups.Because I had already read about the“conquistadors”or conquerors。it was easier to understand what was happenin9.
In learning to read a foreign language，we should realize that we are learning a new skill.It is a very natural human skill，but a new skill all the same.Reading a foreign language is not as easy as reading your native tongue，and you'11 want to read shorter passages and stop more often than if you were reading your native English。
When selecting material for your study of a foreign language，remember it's easier to keep reading a story if you're enjoying it.We shouldn't think of learning a foreign language as purely a chore.Get a novel that looks interesting or a book of short stories written in the foreign language you are studyin9.I found it much easier to learn a new language when I purchased a book that structured its lessons around a mystery story.
I think this may be the most important tip on learning tO read a foreign language that I can give you.Because when we don't enjoy doing somethin9，we generally don't continue with it.And the more you learn，the more you'll enjoy it. [779 words]
超纲词汇
Ehore n.繁琐之事，困难的（或不合意的）工作
skip over略过，遗漏
Context n.上下文，文章的前后关系
Esperanto n.世界语
Idiosyncrasy n.特质，特性
Conquistador n.西班牙征服者，征服者
conqueror n.征服者，胜利者 [NextPage] 参考答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.G 5.D
难句透析
①[When learning to read a foreign language]we should remember[that every real tongue（as opposed to a constructed language，like Esperanto）is first and foremost a spoken form of #munication].
【结构】连接词“when”后可以直接跟现在分词短语“learnin9…”。方括号标示的“that…#munication”是“remember”的宾语从句。
【释义】学习阅读外语时，我们都应该记住，每一种真实语言（非世界语那样的人造语言）首先是一种口头交际形式。
②It“helps US distinguish very similar words，and”prevents璐from skipping over those little words[that are sometimes easy tO miss]Ewhen learning tO read a foreign language].
【结构】代词“It”指前面一句话的意思。本句有两个并列的谓语动词“helps”和“prevents”。方括号标示的“that…miss”是“little words”的后置定语从句。方括号标示的“when…language”是整句的状语。
【释义】学习阅读外语时，这样做可以帮助我们区分极其相似的单词，并且避免忽略那些容易遗漏的小词。
③This may sound pretty basic，but I discovered as l was learning to read a foreign language[that text sizes（that are easy tO read in English）are harder to read in。say，Greek or Spanish].
【结构】本句是由逗号和“but”连接的两个分句组成的并列句。方括号标示的“that…Spanish”是“discovered”的宾语从句。圆括号标示的“that…English”是“text sizes”的后置定语从句。斜体字标示的“as…language”是插入在动词和宾语从句之间的状语从句。
【释义】这听来似乎不是什么大事，但是，我在学习阅读外语时发现，阅读英语时容易看清楚的字体，在阅读，比方说，希腊语或西班牙语时，看起来就费劲一些。
④But if that is not the problem，[while you are learning to read in a foreign language]you may wish“to select books with slightly larger text or to use reading glasses，even if you do not usually use them].
【结构】方括号标示的”while…language“是整句的状语。两个并列的动词不定式短语”to select…“和”to use…“是”wish“的宾语。
【释义】但是，如果那不成问题的话，在学习阅读外语时，你可能愿意选择稍大字体的书籍或者使用放大镜。尽管你不经常使用。
⑤Even in English，[-when the author writes about something（entirely outside of our own experience）].it can be difficult[to understand（what he or she is saying）].
【结构】方括号标示的”when…experience“是整句的状语从句。圆括号标示的”entirely…experience“是”somethin9“的后置定语。代词”it“是形式主语，指动词不定式短语”to understand…“。
【释义】英语也不例外，如果作者所写的内容对于我们来说是完全陌生的，要理解作者所表达的意思就会困难重重。
全文翻译
设想一下自己已经掌握了一门外语的基础，而现在希望更流畅地进行阅读，你打算怎么办？ 我自己在过去几年学了几门外语，我还是发现了一些有用的方法。
第一，读书时。发声朗读。
学习阅读外语时，我们都疵该记住，每一种真实语言（非世界语那样的人造语言）首先是一种口头交际形式。每一门外语在被文字记录下来之前都经过了多年的口头交流。所以我们有理由相信口语词汇要比书面语令我们感到更亲切。当大声朗读外语时，速度就慢下来了，朗读者会逐字逐字细细品读。学习阅读外语时，这样做可以帮助我们区分极其相似的单词，并且避免忽略那些容易遗漏的小词。
第二，保证字体足够大。
这听来似乎不是什么大事，但是，我在学习阅读外语时发现，阅读英语时容易看清楚的字体，在阅读，比方说，希腊语或西班牙语时，看起来就费劲一些。③当然，如果你有很严重的问题，你的首要任务就是检查自己的眼睛是否有问题。但是，如果那不成问题的话，在学习阅读外语时，你可能愿意选择稍大字体的书籍或者使用放大镜。尽管你不经常使用。 第三，查字典。但并非每词必查。
当然，你正在学习一门外语，你肯定想要一本该语种的好字典。但是，在学习外语的过程中，你并不需要每个生词都要查。这刚好跟很多人的想法相悖。例如，假设你仅对你阅读材料中的一个单词或短语不熟悉，但在文中的意思很明确，那么动用字典就大可不必了。从上下文推测达到理解的目标就行。在学习阅读本族语时，我们大多数人都不会每词必查，学习外语也是同样的道理。
第四，阅读新作者的作品时。开卷几页速度要慢。
就连在阅读本族语作品时，很容易就发现作者选择用带有自身特色的惯用词和短语。当你看外语作品时也会发现同样的情况。一旦你已经查阅了作者部分惯用词，一旦你已经习惯他／她的特性，读外语作品的难度就会将低。比如，在阅读用古希腊通用语写成的《新约》时，我被各个作者的不同风格所震惊了：从用简单的希腊亚拉姆语写成的启示录到圣保罗用更具文化底蕴和复杂性的语言所写的作品。
第五，学习外语所属文化的常识。
英语也不例外，如果作者所写的内容对于我们来说是完全陌生的，要理解作者所表达的意思就会困难重重。但是，如果你学习该语种所属的文化，那么就有了理解语言的语境。我曾经尝试阅读一篇用西班牙语写成的关于当代墨西哥的文章，我读到了几段讲述不同种族冲突的文字。因为我事先读过西班牙征服者的相关资料，要理解当时发生的事情就较为容易了。
在学习阅读外语的过程中，应该意识到我们正在学习一门新的技能。尽管是一门非常普通的技能，但毕竟是全新的。阅读外语并不像阅读本族语那样简单，你肯定希望篇幅较短的文章，停止阅读休息的频率要比阅读本族语资料要高。
选择外语材料时，故事如果能给你带来乐趣，你读下去的愿望就很强。不要将外语学习认为是纯粹的琐事。选择一本用所学外语写成的看起来有意思的小说或者短篇小说集。当购买一本围绕秘闻而编成的书时，我发现一门新的外语会变得很简单。
我想这点可能是外语阅读中最重要的技巧。因为假如从某件事上体会不到乐趣，通常我们都不会再继续做下去。另外，你学得越深入，乐趣就越多。
