1、现在分词与过去分词的区别

　　现在分词表示主动或表示动作正在进行。

　　China is a developing country.

　　His words made me thinking a lot.

　　过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。

　　The United States is a developed country.

　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.

　　2、分词的用法

　　分词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。

　　Who is the woman standing by the door？（定语）

　　The girl dressed in white is my sister.（定语）

　　A letter posted today will probably reach in the day after towmorrow.（定语）

　　The theory sounds quite convincing. （表语 物作主语表语是ing的形式，人作表语分词用ed的形式。）

　　She seemed quite delighted at the idea. （表语）

　　Working in this way， they greatly reduced the cost.（状语）

　　Not even pausing to put on the coat， I ran out of the door.（状语）

　　Built in Ming Dynasty， the bridge is over 800 years old.（状语）

　　Do you see a boy running towards us？（宾语补足语）

　　（感官动词如：see， hear， feel， watch 后可跟动名词，也可跟不定式，但意思有区别。Do you see a boy run towards us？ ）

　　You’d better have your shoes mended.（宾语补足语，have sth. done 让别人作某事）

　　If students are caught cheating in exams， they will be kicked out of school. （宾语补足语，（kick sb. out of sth.： 驱赶某人。They knocked him out （of the club） for fighting. ）

　　实义动词have后面可以接三种形式作宾语补足语：现在分词，过去分词，省略to的不定式。

　　have接现在分词（表示持续的动作）

　　The hunters had the fire burning all the night in the woods.

　　have接过去分词（表示被动）

　　My mother had her hair cut as soon as she finished her work.

　　Liping had two of his teeth knocked out in the fight at school.

　　have接省略to的不定式（表示“让某人干某事”）。

　　The teacher always has us recite texts.

　　3、分词作状语

　　与谓语动词相比，作状语的分词表示的都是比较次要的动作。它可以表示时间、条件和原因，也可以说明谓语动作发生的背景，描述谓语动作的状况或伴随谓语动作发生的情况。

　　They sat facing each other.（伴随）

　　She left the hall still weeping.（伴随）

　　Insisting that we were not tired ， we urged him to go on.（urge要求，让）

　　分词变否定，在分词前加not.

　　Not knowing his address， we couldn’t get in touch with him.（get in touch with sb.和某人保持联系，原因）

　　Seeing those pictures， I couldn’t help thinking of the days we spent together. （时间）

　　Absorbed in the work， he neglected food and sleep. （背景）

　　He soon fell asleep， exhausted by the journey.（原因）

　　Seen from the hill， the city looks magnificent. （条件）

　　分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，逻辑主语无需表达出来。当两者不一致时，分词的逻辑主语应明确表达出来。

　　She rushed into the room， her face covered with sweat

　　Weather permitting， we’ll have a picnic tomorrow.

　　Her eyes dimmed with tears， she did not see her mother enter.（dim 模糊）

　　All things considered， her paper is of greater value than yours.

　　（be of value=be valuable）

　　4、现在分词的完成式与被动式

　　当分词表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前时，分词应用完成式。构成：having +过去分词。

　　Having finished his homework， the boy began to watch TV.

　　Not having made adequate preparations， they thought it better to postpone the work till next week.

　　The guest having left， they continued their discussion.

　　在表示被动的含义时，如果该动作此刻正在进行，或与谓语表示的动作同时发生，就要用现在分词的被动形式。构成：being+过去分词。

　　The building being repaired is our library.

　　You’ll find the topic being talked about everywhere.

　　过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动，试比较下面两例，看一看两者之间的区别。

　　Do you know anything about the meeting being held in Beijing？（会议正在进行）

　　Do you know anything about the meeting held in Beiing？（会议已经结束）

　　现在分词被动式表示正在干什么，过去分词被动式表示已经发生的事。