2015年成人英语三级考试翻译解题技巧(2)
发布时间：2012/6/13 9:11:55 来源：城市网学院 编辑：ziteng
二：英译汉实例分析
The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sports in the world. 1) Every four years， a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6，000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners， there are gold medals and glory. But there is honor， too， for all who compete， win or lose. That is in spirit of the Olympics--- to take part is what matters.
The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first . For it was in Greece that the Olympics began. 2) The team of the country where the Games are being held---the host country ----marches in last. The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame.3) A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsmen march out of the stadium， the host country puts on a wonderful display.
The competitors begin the next day. There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen. The main events are in track and field ， but it is a few days before these sports start. Each day the competitors take part in a different sport ---riding， shooting， swimming， and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event. 4) Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams. 5) More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900， in tennis and golf， which are no longer held in the Olympics. Women’s swimming events were introduced in 1912. But it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. Now they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports. In horse riding， shooting， and boat racing， they may compete in the same events as the men.[NextPage] 翻译解题技巧
翻译部分是03年增加的题型。放在试卷的最后，共有10个小题，考试时间30分钟。翻译试题由两部分组成。第一部分为英译汉，要求考生把阅读理解文章中划线的五个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英，要求考生把五个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。英译汉和汉译英的句子难度均低于课文的英语文章。评分标准要求译文达意，无重大语言错误。翻译部分的目的是测试学生词汇、语法、句型方面综合运用语言的能力。
这一部分谈两个问题：一是应试技巧;二是实例分析。
第一部分为英译汉
一、英译汉应试技巧
英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中，有两点值得我们特别地注意：
1、汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容，即句子或文章的意义，而不是句子结构;
2、在翻译过程中，英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。
英译汉的过程包括理解，分析句架表达和校核三个阶段，因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要考生从英语到汉语，再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。
(一)理解
理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文， 弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文， 建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤:
1、通读全文。通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系，因为孤立地阅读划线部分的英语，往往无法理解该部分的真正含义。一篇好的文章，其前后的意思都互相关联，具有很强的逻辑性，一个单词或句子只有在具体的上下文中才能体现出确切的含义来，因此，上下文能帮助我们正确的理解划线的部分， 通读全文是很重要的。但是，在通读全文的过程中应该注意，对非划线的部分不要花费时间过多，对于其中一些不太容易理解的内容也不必太在意，只是搞清大体意义即可。因为通读全文的目的在于帮助自己理解划线的部分，只要能把该部分理解透彻也就足够了。
2、分析划线部分的句子结构。从一般的翻译试题来看，划线的部分一般来说结构句子都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构，很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。因此正确地把握句子的结构是进行正确地翻译的关键。
