Before the widespread use of #puters, managers could not （1） full use of large amounts of valuable information about a #pany's activities. The information either （2） managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide （3） of data processing and information instruments. Managers can draw on #puter-based information systems to control （4） in every area of their #pany. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers #pare standards （5） actual results, find problems, and take proper action （6） it is too late to make changes.

　　The （7） of #puterized （电脑化） information systems has sharply changed management control in many #panies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use #puters to （8） sales, billing, and other activities.

　　Now, there are about 24 million micro#puters in （9） in the United States m one for every 10 citizens. It is （10） that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the #puter-based information they are receiving is （11）, they need to understand how #puters work. However, in most （12） they do not need to learn how to program #puters. Rather, managers should understand how #puterized information systems work; how they are （13）; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. （14） an understanding is not difficult to achieve.

　　One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching （15） information about #puters to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to #puter science graduates.

　　1 A take B have G make D get

　　2 A found B changed C reached D influenced

　　3 A district B range C band D aspect

　　4 A actions B activities C acts D activation

　　5 A with B to C for D by

　　6 A until B before C while D when

　　7 A donation B conversion C auction D introduction

　　8 A work B reduce C control D change

　　9 A use B usage C activity D construction

　　10 A estimated B taught C called D re#mended

　　11 A innovative B necessary C accurate D strict

　　12 A occasions B times C cases D examples

　　13 A invented B expanded C modified D developed

　　14 A That B This C Such D So

　　15 A #plex B basic C serious D favorable

　　参考答案：

　　1. C　　2. C　　3. B　　4. B　　5. A

　　6. B　　7. D　　8. C　　9. A　　10. A

　　11. C　 12. C　 13. D　 14. C　 15. B