2015年职称英语考试句型分析综合辅导（2）
发布时间：2013/3/6 13:14:48 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
How many N are there …
结构︰问句：How many+复数名词+are there in/on+名词？
答句：There is/are+单数（复数）名词+in/on+名词。
说明︰此句型意为“在某处有多少…？在某处有…”该句型中，many 修饰复数<名词>;又因本句型是 <疑问句>，故用 are there，不可用 there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
一年有几个季节？ 一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
一星期有几天？ 一星期有七天。
How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
这本书里有几课？ 这本书里有十二课。
How many … do you have?
结构︰问句：How many+复数名词+do/does+主词+have?
答句：主词+have/has…+复数名词+…
答句：主词+don't/doesn't have…+复数名词…
说明︰“How many”後面接复数<可数名词>，复数<名词>的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修饰。
How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. （I don't have any books.）
你有几本书？ 我有许多书。（我没有书。）
How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. （I don't have any sweaters.）
你有几件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我没有毛衣。）
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. （She doesn't have many friends.）
她有几个朋友？ 她有许多朋友。（她没有许多朋友。）
How much … do you have?
结构︰问句：How much+单数不可数名词+do/does+主词+have?
答句：主词+have/has…+单数不可数名词。
答句：主词+don't/doesn't have…+单数不可数名词。
说明︰“How much”後面接单数<不可数名词>，单数<不可数名词>前面可用 much， a little，some，little，any，no 等修饰。
How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. （He doesn't have any tea.）
他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他没有茶。）
How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. （They don't have much homework.） 他们有多少家庭作业？ 他们有许多家庭作业。（他们没有许多家庭作业。）
How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. （They don't have a lot of fruit.）
他们有多少水果？ 他们有许多水果。（他们没有许多水果。）
How much do（es） … cost?
结构︰How much do（es）+某物+cost…？
说明︰此句型意为“某物值多少钱？”。how much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作：“How much+ be <动词>+某物？”。
How much does this #puter cost? （=How much is this #puter?）这部电脑值多少钱？
How much do the vegetables cost? 这些蔬菜值多少钱？
How much do the movie tickets cost? 这些电影票值多少钱？
Did … V …
结构︰Did+主词+原形动词+…过去时间？
说明︰将肯定句中的过去式改为“Did+原形<动词>”，并将 Did 放在句首，句尾用问号，即构成过去式的<疑问句>。
Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打扫房间吗？
Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗这裙子吗？
Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗？
Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午饭吗？
Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗？
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗？[NextPage] Do you ever + V …？
结构︰问句：Do/Does+主词+ever+原形动词…？
答句：No，主词+never+一般动词（加s或es）…
说明︰ever 通常用於<疑问句>，never 通常用於否定回答；never 也可放在句首，後接原形 <动词>，形成否定<祈使句>，如例句4。
Do you ever use a #puter? No, I never use a #puter.
你曾经使用电脑吗？不，我未曾使用过电脑。
Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
汤姆曾经晚起床吗？不，汤姆未曾晚起床过。
Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.
萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗？不，萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。
Never be late for school, Bill. 比尔，上学绝不可迟到。
What year was he born in?
结构︰What date/year+was/were+主词+born+on/in?
说明︰此句型意为“你出生於几月几日（那一年）？”。born 是<原形动词> bear 的过去<分词>，在文法上当 <形容词>，前面常有 was 或 were;中文说“某人出生”，英语应说：“某人+was/were born…”。
What year were you born in? 你出生於那一年？
What date was your mother born on? 你母亲出生於几月几日？
What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生於几月？
What will you do on …？
结构︰What will/did+主词+do+on+时间？
说明︰此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什麽？（未来式）某人在某时做了什麽事？（过去式）”。指特定的日期（如几月几日）、星期几或星期几的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系词on。
What will you do on Teacher's Day? 你在教师节将做什麽事？
What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他们在圣诞夜将做什麽事？
What will Helen do on her birthday? 海伦在她生日那天将做什麽事？
What did John do on New Year's Day? 约翰在元旦做了什麽事？
What did Mary do on Youth Day? 玛丽在青年节做了什麽事？
What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什麽事情？
How do you + V …？
结构︰问句：How+do+主词+一般动词…？
答句：主词+一般动词…+情状副词。
说明︰How 是问情况的<疑问副词>，表示“怎样…？”。用於说明“状态或性质”的副词，称为 <情状副词>。当用来修饰<不及物动词>时，<情状副词>位於其後；当用来修饰<及物动词>时，<情状动词>位於<及物动词>的前面或後面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.
你怎样做你的工作？ 我很快乐地做了我的工作。
How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
林太太怎样注视林先生？ 她冷漠地注视林先生。
How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生怎样驾驶他的计程车？ 他小心地驾驶他的计程车。
You are …， aren't you?
结构︰肯定句，+否定式助动词+主词？
说明︰这是一种反意<疑问句>，其结构特点是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主词>是<名词>时，附加问句的<主词>要用<代名词>代替：it 代替 this， that，<不定词>（当<主词>）或<动名词>（当<主词>）等；they 代替 these，those， people 等。下列<助动词>的否定缩写式较易弄错：will not->won't;would not-> wouldn't;should not->shouldn't;can not->can't;could not->couldn't; might not->mightn't;ought not->oughtn't。直述句有一般<动词>现在式，则附加问句用 do 或 does 代替；有一般<动词>过去式，则附加问句用 did 代替。
They're ready, aren't they?（读降调）他们准备好了吧？（读升调）他们准备好了，不是吗？
Mike has a car, doesn't he?（读降调）麦克有辆车，是吧？（读升调）麦克有辆车，不是吗？
The secretary typed the letter, didn't she? 是秘书打了这封信，不是吗？
They will go to Europe, won't they? 他们将去欧洲，不是吗？
You are the teacher, aren't you? 你就是老师，不是吗？
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven't you?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过，不是吗？
I know he had a good time last night, didn't he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是吗？
The wall plug is broken, isn't it? 墙上的插座坏了，不是吗？
Clean parks are beautiful, aren't they? 乾净的公园是美丽的，不是吗？
You can do it, can't you? 你会做它，不是吗？
We should rise early, shouldn't we? 我们应该早起，不是吗 [NextPage] He isn't …， is he?
结构︰否定句，+肯定式助动词+主词？
说明︰这是另一种反意<疑问句>。否定结构在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反意<疑问句>的回答和对否定式一般<疑问句>一样，要看答句。
He isn't a manager, is he? -- Yes, he is. （No, he isn't.）
他不是经理，是吧？--不，他是经理。（是的，他不是经理。）
Mike doesn't have a car, does he? 麦克没有车，是吗？
The secretary didn't type the letter, did she? 秘书没有打过这封信，是吗？
They won't go to Europe, will they? 他们不会去欧洲，是吗？
You aren't the teacher, are you? 你不是老师，是吗？
I don't think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他无法回答这个问题，是吗？
What in the world …？
结构︰疑问词+in the world/on earth/ever+其他
说明︰此句型意为“究竟…？到底…？”。这是特殊<疑问句>的强调说法。in the world，on earth 和 ever是强调疑问词的<片语>。
How in the world will he do it? 他到底将如何做这件事？
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什麽？
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎麽知道的？
Who on earth told you that? 那件事究竟是谁告诉你的？
Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在哪儿丢的呀？
What in the world are they hoping for? 他们到底想要什麽？
Are you … or …？
结构︰一般疑问句（读升调）+or+一般疑问句（读降调）
说明︰此句型意为“是…还是…？”。这是选择<疑问句>，前面都是一般<疑问句>，後面的问句如与前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。
Shall we #e to see you or will you #e to see us?
是我们来找你们，还是你们来找我们？
Are you from the America or from the England? 您是美国人还是英国人？
Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? 他是星期一走还是星期二走？
Would you like coffee or tea? 你是要咖啡还是茶？
What …， + A or B?
结构︰特殊疑问句（读降调），+A（读升调）or B（读降调）
说明︰这种选择<疑问句>使用得相当广泛，其特点是：前面的特殊<疑问句>已经明确地指出了要问的内容，再补充几项具体事物让对方做出肯定的答覆。其语调是“降-升-降”调。
What would you like - coffee or tea? 你要什麽？咖啡还是茶？
Which would you rather to buy - silk or cotton? 您想买什麽？丝还是棉？
Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? 您去了哪里？天津还是北京？
When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?
你何时去交易会？明天还是另找哪一天？
… what/which …
结构︰主要子句+疑问词（what/how/which/why 等）+子句
说明︰这是间接<疑问句>。疑问词後面的语句采用正常词序，不采用特殊<疑问句>所用的倒装词序。全句末尾大多用句点，但也有用问号的。直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时，原先的<疑问句>要改为肯定句或<否定句>的顺序；<助动词>如 will，should，would， must，may，can 等，须照抄，不可去掉；<助动词>如 do，does，did，必须去掉，再将它後面的原形<动词>改为适当的形式。
I'd like to know how old the manager is. 我想知道经理有多大年纪。
He inquired how it was done. 他问这事做得怎麽样了。
Please advise me which item I should buy. 请问我该先买哪个品种。
Tell me why it is so important? 告诉我为什麽此事这麽重要？
They do not know what the words mean. 他们不知道这些字的意思是什麽。
Tell me what happened yesterday. 告诉我昨天所发生的事。
What they talked about is what we want to know. 他们谈论什麽是我们所想要知道的事。
She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week.
她每晚洗头发，而且量量看一星期长多少。
You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.
你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多麽有意义。
