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2015年职称英语考试句型分析综合辅导(16)
发布时间:2013/3/6 13:27:15 来源:城市网学院 编辑:admin
    feel/make … V-ing/V-ed
    结构︰keep/make/hear 等+受词+现在分词/过去分词
    说明︰<动词> keep,find 或<使役动词> make,let,get 等,以及<感官动词> hear,see,watch,feel 等後的<受词补语>若强调正在进行的概念,且有主动意味时,以现在<分词>表示;若有被动意味时,则以“being+过去<分词>”表示,均译成“正在…”。若要强调被动且已发生的概念,则用过去<分词>做<补语>,译成“被…”。
    At last I succeeded in getting my car moving slowly.最後,我终於成功地让我的车子慢慢移动。
    We saw him watering the lawn around the house. 我们看见他在为屋子四周的草坪浇水。
    Have you heard the opera sung in French? 你听过用法语唱的这场歌剧吗?
    I felt something crawling up my arm. 我感觉到有什麽东西爬上我的手臂。
    I saw him being punished by the teacher. 我看到他正被老师处罚。
    I saw the boy carried away to the hospital. 我看到那个男孩被抬去医院。
    I found the work being done in a rush. 我发现这件作品正仓促地被完成。
    … get(s) V-ed/ADJ
    结构︰主词(某人)+get(s)+过去分词(或形容词)…
    说明︰此句型意为“某人变成…”。get+<形容词>(过去<分词>)的常见用例有:get old(年纪大), get hungry(肚子饿),get angry(生气),get sick(生病),get fat(发胖), get tired(疲倦),get lost(迷路),get confused(困惑),get hurt(受伤), get excited(兴奋),get ready(准备好)。
    John got lost. 约翰迷路了。
    Mary gets tired of wearing red dresses. 玛丽厌倦穿红色衣服。
    The question is so hard, and we're getting confused. 这问题太难,我们感到困惑。
    … have/get sth. done
    结构︰主词+have/get/make+受词+过去分词
    说明︰此句型意为“把…(办完)”。make 之後的<受词>习惯上是“人”而非“物”;但 have 和 get 後的<受词>在此 <句型>中是“物”,有“叫别人代劳”的意味,即做事的人并非<主词>,而是别人。
    Be sure to get the work finished before six o'clock. 务必在六点之前把工作完成。
    Are you going to get the house painted green? 你打算要把房子漆成绿色吗?
    I want to get/have these shoes mended. 我想把这些鞋子修补一下。
    He has been unable to raise enough money to have the big clock repaired.
    他一直无法筹募到足够的钱来把这个大钟修理好。
    I'll have it sent right away. 我会立刻把它(拍送)出去。
    Have it charged to my credit card. 把它记在我的信用卡的帐号里。
    I cannot make myself understood in English.
    我无法用英文使自己被人了解。(我无法用英文把我的意思讲清楚。)
    I had my tooth extracted. (=I had the dentist extract my tooth.)
    我把牙拔了。(我是叫医生拔的。)
    Sth. is being + V-ed …
    结构︰主词+is being+过去分词…
    说明︰此句型意为“…正在被…”。是<进行式>的<被动语态>。
    Money is being used in place of something more direct.金钱正在被更直接地用来取代某种东西。
    The machine is being experimentally used. 这些机器正在被实验地使用着。
    The problems are being discussed. 这些问题正在被讨论着。
    … go + V-ing …
    结构︰go+现在分词
    说明︰此句型意为“从事…”。go 之後的现在<分词>通常是运动类的<动词>,如:fishing(钓鱼),boating(划船),skating(溜冰),skiing(滑雪),hunting(打猎),mountain climbing(爬山), shopping(购物)等。
    Sometimes Mr. Black went swimming with the children.有时布拉克先生和这些小孩去游泳。
    We went fishing yesterday and I caught three fish. 我们昨天去钓鱼,而我钓了三条。
    I find it interesting and healthy to go mountain climbing. 我觉得爬山有趣又有益健康。
    The American housewife probably goes shopping only once or twice a week.
    美国家庭主妇可能一星期只购物一、二次。
    You may go grass skiing, bicycle riding, or shopping on the weekend.
    周末你可以去滑草,骑脚踏车,或购物。
    the + V-ing/V-ed/ADJ
    结构︰the+现在分词/过去分词/形容词
    说明︰<形容词>,包括可做<形容词>的<分词>,前面加<冠词> the,可当复数<名词>用,表示“全体”的意思,其後的<动词>用复数形。常用的有:the wounded(所有受伤的人),the handicapped(所有残障者),the rich(有钱人),the dead(所有已死的人),the dying(所有垂死的人),the unknown(所有未知之事)等。
    The rich are not necessarily happy. 有钱人未必快乐。
    The oppressed were free after the coup. 被压迫的人民,在政变之後获得自由。
    The dying were rushed to the hospital. 垂死的人被急速送往医院。
    During the depression, millions of the unemployed wandered around in the streets.
    经济萧条时期,有好几百万的失业者在街头游荡。 [NextPage]     V-ing/V-ed …, Main Clause
    结构︰现在分词/过去分词…,主要子句
    说明︰这是含<分词>句构的<句型>,是以<分词片语>代替<副词子句>。<主要子句>中的<主词>应和<分词片语>中的动作接受者一致。若<动词>为 be 或 have been,变成现在<分词> being 或 having been後,可以省略。<否定句>若变成<分词片语>时,<否定副词> not 或 never 应置於<分词>之前。
    Holding the watch up, she listened. 把表拿起来,她注意听。
    Standing in the dark, I can not see anything. 站在黑夜里,我什麽也看不见。
    Sitting under the tree, I was hit by a stone on the head. 我坐在树下,被一块石头击中了头。
    (Being) a lover of nature, he often goes mountain climbing.因为热爱大自然,他常常去爬山。
    Angry with his wife, Tom kicked the dog. 因为和太太生气,汤姆踢狗。
    Rich and generous, he contributed two million dollars to the Red Cross.
    因为有钱又慷慨,他捐了两百万圆给红十字会。
    (Having been) Knocked down by a car, he spent a week in the hospital.
    被车子撞倒後,他在医院里度过了一星期。
    Seriously damaged, the bridge is no longer in use. 因受到严重损坏,这座桥不再使用了。
    Caught in a rain, he was wet all over. 淋到了一场雨,他全身都湿了。
    Bitten by a dog, the little boy did not dare to play with dogs again.
    被狗咬过,这个小男孩不敢再和狗玩。
    Written in English, the book is difficult for me to understand.
    用英文写的这本书对我来说很难理解。
    Not (being) fond of learning, he ran away from home. 由於不喜欢读书,他就离家出走了。
    Never having been to Switzerland before, he longs for a trip there.
    因为从来没去过瑞士,他期待一趟瑞士之旅。
    When + V-ing …
    结构︰when/while/once/if/unless/though+现在分词
    说明︰当when,while,once,if,unless,though 等<副词><连接词>引导<副词子句>时,若其<主词>与<主要子句>相同,可保留该<副词><连接词>,其余部分则化简为<分词片语>。
    He says “Please” when making a request. 请求时,他说:“请”。
    When waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. 等公共汽车时,他按顺序排队。
    He stopped to talk to me when seeing me. 看到我的时候,他停下来和我说话。
    If falling ill, I'll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生病,我会待在家里好好休息。
    Once arriving there, I'll keep contact with you. 一到那里,我会跟你连络。
    Unless (being) rich, I am not going to buy a house. 除非有钱,要不然我是不会买房子的。
    Though knowing the truth, he remained silent. 虽然他知道实情,却保持沈默。
    N + V-ing/V-ed
    结构︰名词+现在分词/过去分词,…
    说明︰这是含独立<分词>结构的<句型>,即因<主词>不同而将<分词>意义上的<主词>置於<分词>之前。若 <动词>为 be 或 have been,变成现在<分词> being 或 having been 後,可以省略。若<分词>意义上的<主词>是 we,you,one 等表世上之一般人的情形时,即使和<主要子句>之<主词>不同,也可省略,变成惯用的句子,常用的有:frankly speaking(坦白说),judging from(由…观之),talking about/of(谈谈…),generally speaking(一般而言),roughly speaking(大体言之)等。
    They were trembling, their mouths watering at the thought of the beer.
    他们颤抖着,一想到啤酒,口水就流出来。
    He was sitting next to Mrs. Smith, his eyes resting on her daughter.
    他坐在史密斯太太的旁边,他的视线落在她女儿的身上。
    The earthquake took place, the windows broken into pieces. 地震发生了,户破得粉碎。
    “There it is,” he whispered, his eyes (being) bright with sudden tears.
    “就在那里。”他低声地说,他的眼睛闪亮着突然而来的眼泪。
    He said in a low voice, both his hands (being) on his back. 他低声地说,他的双手放在背後。
    He argued, his voice trembling with anger. 他争论着,他的声音由於生气而颤抖。
    Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般而言,女性寿命较男性长。
    Frankly speaking, he is not so bad as you might think. 坦白讲,他没有你想像中的坏。
    with + N + V-ing/V-ed
    结构︰with+名词+现在分词/过去分词
    说明︰这是表“附带状况(并行行为)”的<副词片语>,常用来描述情景。有时使用<形容词>、<副词>、<介系词>代替<分词>。
    She sang to the music with her hand waving gently. 她跟着音乐唱歌,手斯文地挥动着。
    He came running here with one hand holding a knife. 他手上握着刀向这里跑来。
    He came running here with a knife held in one hand. 他一手握着刀向这里跑来。
    With our work done, we felt much at ease. 工作做完後,我们觉得好轻松。
    She looked at him with the color gone from her face. 她凝视着他,脸上毫无血色。
    He was dozing with a book open in his hands. 他在打盹,手上的书打开着。
    My father sometimes goes out for a stroll with a stick in his hand.
    父亲有时候带着手杖出去散步。
    What a lonely world it would be with you away! 你要是不在,这世界不知将有多寂寞!
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