第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Pessimism Increases Risk of Early Death
A 70-year study of personality suggests that pessimism（悲观主义）is a risk factor for early death, especially among men.
The study results also indicate that pessimism can be linked to increased risk for sudden death from accidents or violence, according to the report published in the March issue of Psychological Science.
Christopher Peterson of the University of Michigan and his colleagues analyzed data from the Terman Life-Cycle Study, which began by studying California public-school children with high IQs in 1921 and followed them through their life. Most of the 1528 children were preadolescents（少年）when the study began. Those still living are now in their 80s. In 1936 and 1940, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to obtain information about difficult life events and their effect on overall outlook. One such question was, "What do you regard as your most serious fault of personality or character?"
Pessimists were defined as fatalistic（宿命论的）people who tend to blame themselves when things go wrong and who believe that one bad event can ruin the rest of their life. They also tend to expect bad things to happen to them and feel that they have little or no ability to change their situation.
Males were more likely than females to be classified as pessimistic. Compared with individuals with a more cheerful and optimistic outlook, pessimists were more likely to die from accidents and violence (including suicide).
A pessimistic personality may lead to poor problem-solving ability, social difficulties and risky decision-making. Taken together, these variables put the pessimist at higher risk of untimely（不适时的）death, say the researchers. Such a person is less likely to avoid or escape potentially dangerous situations, the researchers concluded. "A pessimistic way of thinking in which people worry too much about bad events, foreshadows（预示）untimely death decades later," according to Peterson.
31. According to the passage, you may be a pessimistic person, if one failure makes you feel ________
A. other people have been unfair to you.
B. other people will help you.
C. you cannot change a bad situation.
D. you can do better next time.
32. According to the passage, pessimists may feel all of the following EXCEPT ________
A. helpless when faced with difficulties.
B. cheerful when faced with troubles.
C. hopeless when one bad event occurs.
D. guilty when things go wrong.
33. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? ________
A. Pessimists believe that everything in life depends on fate.
B. There are more pessimists among women than among men.
C. Most pessimists will end up committing suicide.
D. All pessimists will eventually die from accidents.
34. The Terman Life-Cycle Study is a research program that studies ________
A. people over 70 years old.
B. people since their childhood.
C. pessimistic people over 80 years old.
D. only younger people.
35. The analysis made by Christopher Peterson and his colleagues shows that pessimistic people ________
A. will die from violence if they learn to be optimistic.
B. will die soon if they are not able to learn to be cheerful and optimistic.
C. will die from violence because their IQs are low.
D. will more likely die from violence than optimistic people.
第二篇
Her Tiny Heart
Cheyenne Pyle became famous, and the best part is that she'll never remember a bit of it. Early Sunday the 3.4-kg girl was born at a children's hospital. Ninety minutes later, she was undergone surgery to replace her underdeveloped heart, and operation that restored her to heart and made her the world's youngest heart taker.
Even before Cheyenne was delivered, doctors knew she was in for a rough ride. Ultrasound revealed a deformity in the left side of her heart; she would need either a series of procedures to correct the defect or a simple operation to replace the organ. Her parents chose the transplant.
Doctors tissue-typed Cheyenne while she was still in the womb, placed her on a heart-transplant waiting list and put a team of surgeons, nurses and transport coordinators on call. Ten days later, during the 36th week of gestation, word arrived that a baby had died during or shortly after birth and the parents had agreed to donate the infant's heart.
The first step in the six-hour operation was a caesarean delivery, during which the weak Cheyenne cried as hard as any other newborn. "I wanted her to keep crying so I knew she was alive," said her mother. Cheyenne soon grew still, however, as doctors lowered her temperature to less than 17℃ to prevent neurological damage during the critical period after her own heart was removed and before her new, golf ball-size heart was in place. Not until the patient reached this state of suspended animation was it sale to make the transplantation.
Cheyenne's initial prognosis is good; doctors give her an 80% chance of survival. But throughout her entire life she will depend on some special drugs to prevent organ rejection. What matters most to her family, however, is that she will have that life.
36. Which of the following could replace the title of the passage? ________
A. A Caesarean Delivery
B. A Difficult Operation
C. The Youngest Organ Taker
D. An Organ Transplant Operation
37. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? ________
A. Cheyenne was not born on the expected date of birth.
B. Cheyenne behaved differently from any other newborn at the moment she came to this world.
C. Cheyenne's parents need not pay for the transplanted heart.
D. Cheyenne's temperature was lowered below 17℃ to keep her nervous system from being damaged.
38. What does "which" in the first line of the fourth paragraph refer to? ________
A. The six-hour operation.
B. The caesarean delivery.
C. The transplant operation.
D. The six-hour period.
39. It can be concluded from the passage that the transplant operation ________
A. lasted ninety minutes.
B. was of 80% success.
C. was successful.
D. was not successful.
40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? ________
A. Cheyenne will live as healthily as any other child in the future.
B. Cheyenne needs another operation to prevent organ rejection.
C. Cheyenne will have little chance of survival because of organ rejection.
D. Cheyenne will probably depend on some sort of medicine all her life.
第三篇
Economic Knowledge in One Sentence
Once upon a time, Tanstaafl was made king of all lands. His first act was to call his economic advisers and tell them to write up all the economic knowledge the society possessed. After years of work, they presented the king with a set of books: 25 volumes, each about 400 pages long. But during that time, King Tanstaafl had become very busy with running a kingdom of all lands. Looking at the lengthy volumes, he told his advisers to put their findings into one volume. The economists returned to their desks, wondering how they could summarize what they had been so careful to spell out. After many more years of rewriting, they were finally satisfied with their one volume effort, and tried to make an appointment to see the king. Unfortunately, affairs of state had become even more pressing than before, and the king couldn't take the time to see them. Instead he sent word to them through an adviser that he couldn't be bothered with a whole volume, and ordered them, under threat of death, or reduce the work to one sentence.
The economists returned, trembling in their chairs and wondering about their impossible task. Thinking about their fate if they were not successful, they decided to send out for one last meal. Unfortunately, when they were collecting money to pay for the meal, they discovered they were penniless. The delivery man became angry and took the meal away, and the economists started down the path to the beheading station（断头台）.On the way, the delivery man's parting words sounded in their ears. They looked at each other and suddenly they realized the truth. "We are saved!" they shouted. "That's it! that's economic knowledge in one sentence!" They wrote sentence down and presented it to the king, who afterwards fully understood all economic problems. The sentence is "There is no such thing as a free lunch".
41. To start with, King Tanstaafl told his economic advisers to ________
A. put their economic knowledge into one book.
B. construct an economic theory.
C. spend several years making economic discoveries.
D. write down all the economic knowledge.
42. How did the economists react to the king's order for putting their findings into one volume? ________
A. They accepted the order happily.
B. They felt it rather difficult to put to much knowledge into a single volume.
C. They went back to their desks and started working at once.
D. They decided to spell out their findings with great care.
43. What was the king's reaction to the economists' one-volume effort? ________
A. He was not satisfied with the way the book was written.
B. He made an appointment with the economists.
C. He changed his mind of reading the whole volume.
D. He decided to give the economists a meal and then kill them.
44. The economists decided to have their last meal ________
A. before they were killed by the king for failing to reduce the whole volume to one sentence.
B. before they were killed by the king for no reason at all.
C. because they knew the king would kill them the following morning.
D. because they knew that the king had decided to have their heads chopped off in his palace.
45. By writing down the sentence "There is no such things as a free lunch", the economists wished to ________
A. show that they would never forget what the delivery man had said.
B. express the essential ideas of economics.
C. tell the king that they had not taken their meal.
D. help the king solve all his economic problems.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Knowledge of Cosmos
The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos edited David Levy, Macmillan, ￡20, ISBN 0333782933
Previous generations of scientists would have killed to know what we know. For the first time in history, we have a pretty good idea of the material content of the Universe, our position within it and how the whole thing came into being.
In these times of exploding knowledge there is a definite need to take stock and assemble what we know in a palatable（受欢迎的）form. 46 .
The essays in The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos have been selected by David Levy, co-discoverer of Comet Shoe-maker-Levy 9, which in 1994 struck Jupiter with the violence of several full-scale nuclear wars. 47 . This is certainly a great collection of essays, but it is not, as the book promises, a seamless（完美的，无缝隙的）synthesis of our current knowledge.
Nobody can fault the range of articles Levy has included. There are essays on the planets, moons and assorted debris（碎片）in the Solar System, and on our Galaxy, the Milky Way. 48 .
The contributors, too, are stars in their own fields. Not many books can boast chapters written by such giants as Erwin Schrodinger and Francis Crick. My personal favourites are a piercingly clear essay by Albert Einstein on general relativity and an article by Alan Guth and Paul Steinhardt on the inflationary（膨胀的）Universe.
So much for the book's content. But Levy has not succeeded in providing an accurate synthesis of our current knowledge of the cosmos, which the book jacket promises. Gathering together previously published articles inevitably leaves subject gaps, missing explanations and so on. 49 . But there isn't one. In fact, surprisingly for a book so densely packed with information, there is no index.
Collecting essays in this way is clearly a good publishing wheeze（巧妙的主意）. But this approach short changes the public, who would be better served by an account moulded into a seamless whole. 50 . However, for the next edition, please, please can we have an index?
A. Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book
B. In a more positive vein, this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview（概述）of current cosmic understanding
C. Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer, so you'd expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos
D. Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine
E. To some extent, these could have been plugged with a glossary（词表）of terms
F. Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles, the origin of life on Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Trees
Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him 51 wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help prevent drought and floods.
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man has not 52 that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness（渴望）to draw quick profit from the tress, he has cut them down in large 53 , only to find that with the trees used he has lost the best visitors he had. Tow thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its 54 to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and 55 . When the empire fell to pieces, the home country found itself faced with floods and starvation.
Even when a government realizes the 56 of a rich supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the 57 to see this. The villager wants wood to 58 his food with; and he can earn money 59 making charcoal（木炭）or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or 60 . Careless to plant and look after new trees. So, unless the government has a good 61 of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly 62 .
This does not only 63 that the villagers' sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more 64 : for where there are trees their roots break the soil up — following the rain to sink in — and also bind the soil, thus preventing the 65 from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the top-soil, in which crops grow so well. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert.
|
51. |
A. with |
B. on |
C. at |
D. in |
|
52. |
A. hoped |
B. realized |
C. promised |
D. planned |
|
53. |
A. sense |
B. things |
C. prices |
D. numbers |
|
54. |
A. bricks |
B. hills |
C. trees |
D. crops |
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55. |
A. rich |
B. poor |
C. famous |
D. enough |
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56. |
A. practice |
B. importance |
C. feeling |
D. space |
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57. |
A. enemy |
B. hero |
C. son |
D. villager |
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58. |
A. eat |
B. sell |
C. grow |
D. cook |
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59. |
A. by |
B. to |
C. beside |
D. down |
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60. |
A. well |
B. towards |
C. too |
D. along |
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61. |
A. event |
B. system |
C. supply |
D. figure |
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62. |
A. disappear |
B. grow |
C. arise |
D. spread |
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63. |
A. mean |
B. believe |
C. talk |
D. understand |
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64. |
A. reliable |
B. useful |
C. serious |
D. limited |
|
65. |
A. floods |
B. rocks |
C. villagers |
D. soil |
职称英语等级考试模拟试题（三）
1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D
5．A 6．D 7．A 8．A
9．D 10．D 11．C 12．A
13．B 14．C 15．A 16．A
17．C 18．A 19．B 20．A
21．C 22．A 23．F 24．E
25．C 26．B 27．B 28．E
29．D 30．F 31．C 32．B
33．A 34．B 35．B 36．C
37．B 38．B 39．C 40．D
41．D 42．B 43．A 44．A
45．D 46．D 47．C 48．F
49．E 50．B 51．A 52．B
53．D 54．C 55．B 56．B
57．D 58．D 59．A 60．C
61．B 62．A 63．A 64．C
65．D