十四篇
Think as a Hacker Does
At the brand-new Hacker Academy in Chicago, US, students learn about phishing schemes1, firewall breaches, and advanced tricks for breaking into confidential documents and revealing passwords2.
But it's not nearly as illegal as it sounds. The academy doesn't teach people to be l __, but to "think like hackers" - and hopefully to stay one step ahead of 2
The students are 3 computer security professionals. They attend a course that teaches them the tools and techniques that hackers could use to get 4 systems they're trying to protect. They 5 a certificate in "ethical hacking3'' if they graduate.
The academy is one of the growing number of organizations that teach IT4 security experts to think like their enemies and to find holes in their systems __ 6 the hackers do. "If you can think like a hacker, you're able to 7 some of the attacks that are happening," said Aaron Cohen, the academy's founder.
Those attacks can range from indiscriminate viruses to corporate spying and efforts to gain sensitive data 8 banks, credit card companies, or individuals.
Computer Economics, a US IT research firm, estimates the 9 caused by viruses and other attacks in 2006 to be somewhere around US$14 billion.
"While the massive viruses seem to be __ 10 in number, there are more targeted
attacks," said Mark McManus of Computer Economics.
With ransom attacks, for instance, hackers will break into a company's network, and threaten to destroy it or give information to a competitor 11 they're not paid.
Given all the threats, many companies are sending IT professionals to courses like those Cohen offers. So the "ethical hacker" certification, offered by the New York-based International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants (the EC-Council), __ 12 about.
The EC-Council says it has trained about 20,000 people in 60 countries over the past three years, with 8,000 of them passing a __ 13 and earning the "ethical hacker" certification.
Cohen's list of interested people includes an FBI5 agent, NASA6 employees, independent consultants, and company IT security directors. Some want the five-day on-site certification course. Others want a quick overview, like the US$ 695 "midnight hacking" course, given online and late at 14
Cohen doesn't 15 much about students using their courses for evil purposes."Hackers don't need our help," says Cohen.
词汇：
hacker n.黑客
phishing n. 网络欺诈
breach n.突破
confidential adj. 机密的
ethical adj.合乎道德的
indiscriminate adj. 不加区分的
ransom v. & n. 欺诈
注释：
1. learn about phishing schemes 学习网络欺诈
2. breaking into confidential documents and revealing passwords 闯入秘密文件，打开密码
3. ethical hacker合乎道德规范的黑客
4. IT 信息技术
5. FBI 美国联邦调查局
6. NASA 美国国家航空航天局
练习：
1. A) professors B) hackers C) scientists D) technicians
2. A) her B) him C) us D) them
3. A) actually B) hardly C) scarcely D) rarely
4. A) over B) onto C) for D) into
5. A) give B) award C) get D) take
6. A) before B) after C) when D) while
7. A) protect B) defend C) safeguard D) prevent
8. A) at B) in C) from D) on
9. A) money B) damage C) cash D) interest
10. A) rising B) soaring C) reducing D) flying
11. A) if B) unless C) since D) because
12. A) went B) came C) appeared D) happened
13. A) exam B) check C) test D) investigation
14. A) noon B) dusk C) dawn D) night
15. A) think B) worry C) doubt D) consider
答案与题解：
1. B professor: 教授； hacker黑客； scientist: 科学家； technician: 技术员。本文的主题是黑客。该提问的是：黑客学员较大家像黑客那样思想而不教他们什么？回答应该是不教他们成为黑客。因此正确的答案应该是hacker。
2. D her: 她； him:他； us:我们； them:他们。空格中应该填入一个代词。这个代词是什么？它应该照应离它最近的指称名词。由于离它最近的指称名词是hackers, 所以要用 them。
3. A actually事实上； hardly：几乎不；scarcely:几乎不；rarely:几乎不。这四个词填入后，所生成的句子在句法和语义上都是正确的，不过，意思是“几乎不”的三个英文词填入后，句子的连贯性稍差一点，因此它们不可能是合适的选择。
4. D over:上面；onto: 到上面； for: 为……into: 进入。 get over是“克服”的意思，但用在这里意思不通。get onto和get for都没有这样的搭配。get into 是“进入”的意思。
5. C give:给；award:授予； get得到；take:取。该题问的是：如果他们毕业的话，它们会得到什么？回答应该是：得到合乎道德规范的秘密使用或改变他人计算机系统的信息的证书。get 是唯一真缺德。如用 give或award 的话，应该用它们的被动式。
6. A before:在……前； after:在……后； when:在……时；while:在……中。句子相关部分问的是：在什么时候要发现他们自己的系统的漏洞？在黑客发现以前发现比较好。因此用before。
7. D protect:保护；defend保卫；safeguard:保卫；prevent:防止。用前三个词意思上讲不同。只有用prevent 上下文才是通顺的。
8. C over:上； above上； from:从； on:上。 gain...from 是搭配。相关句子部分的意思是：从银行、信用卡公司或个人获得敏感的数据。
9. B money:钱；damage:破坏；cash:现金；interest:利息。东西是“cause money", "cause cash"在语义上都是讲不通的。caused跟 damage 搭配, 句子相关部分说的是：2006年由病毒和其它的攻击所造成的破坏估计在140亿美元左右。
10. C rising:上升；soaring:升；reducing:减少；flying:飞。上面这道题的题解中讲到，破坏由病毒和其它方式的攻击造成的。现在讨论的是比较病毒和其它攻击方式的情况。由于下文用了more, 上文应该用意义上相反的词，惟有reducing 意义上是相反的。
11. A if如果；unless:除非； since:因为；because: 因为。这应该是含有条件子句的句子。这只有两种可能：用if，或unless。如果用 unless, 意思讲不通,因此必须用if。
12. B go: 去；come: 来；appear: 出现； happen:发生。come about是“发生”的意思，是固定的词语，因此选 came。
13. C exam:考试； check检查；test:测试；investigation: 调查。该题讲的是有8000人通过了考试。这里有两个词是“考试”的意思：exam；test。但是不定冠词a要求用test。
14. D noon:中午； dusk: 黄昏；dawn:黎明； night: 夜里。句子中有这样一个短语：midnight hacking course秘密武器使用或改变他人计算机系统信息的夜半。因此答案肯定是night。
15. B think:想；worry: 担心；doubt怀疑；consider:考虑。这个句子的部分意义我们已经知道，即学生也可以用班上获得的知识干坏事。问题问的是：Cohen怎么样？应该是不怕。因此 worry 是对的。